Roguin A, Rinkevich D, Milo S, et al. Long-term follow-up of patients with severe rheumatic tricuspid stenosis. Am Heart J. 1998;136:103-108.
World Health Organization. Rheumatic fever and rheumatic heart disease. Technical Report Series 923. February 2004. http://www.who.int/ (last accessed 6 June 2017).
Baumgartner H, Hung J, Bermejo J, et al. American Society of Echocardiography; European Association of Echocardiography. Echocardiographic assessment of valve stenosis: EAE/ASE recommendations for clinical practice. J Am Soc Echocardiogr. 2009;22:1-23.
Killip J 3rd, Lukas DS. Tricuspid stenosis physiologic criteria for diagnosis and hemodynamic abnormalities. Circulation. 1957;16:3-13.
Fawzy ME, Mercer EN, Dunn B, et al. Doppler echocardiography in the evaluation of tricuspid stenosis. Eur Heart J. 1989;10:985-990.
1. Roguin A, Rinkevich D, Milo S, et al. Long-term follow-up of patients with severe rheumatic tricuspid stenosis. Am Heart J. 1998;136:103-108.
2. Diker E, Aydogdu S, Ozdemir M, et al. Prevalence and predictors of atrial fibrillation in rheumatic heart disease. Am J Cardiol. 1996;77:96-98.
3. El-Sherif N. Rheumatic tricuspid stenosis: hemodynamic correlations. Br Heart J. 1971;33:16-31.
4. World Health Organization. Rheumatic fever and rheumatic heart disease. Technical Report Series 923. February 2004. http://www.who.int/ (last accessed 6 June 2017).
5. World Health Organization. Joint WHO/ISFC meeting on rheumatic fever/rheumatic heart disease control, with emphasis on primary prevention. Geneva: 7-9 September 1994. http://www.who.int/en/ (last accessed 6 June 2017).
6. Horstkotte D, Niehues R, Strauer BE. Pathomorphological aspects, aetiology and natural history of acquired mitral valve stenosis. Eur Heart J. 1991;12(suppl B):55-60.
7. Majeed HA, Batnager S, Yousof AM, et al. Acute rheumatic fever and the evolution of rheumatic heart disease: a prospective 12 year follow-up report. J Clin Epidemiol. 1992;45:871-875.
8. Hauck AJ, Freeman DP, Ackermann DM, et al. Surgical pathology of the tricuspid valve: a study of 363 cases spanning 25 years. Mayo Clin Proc. 1988;63:851-863.
9. Raman SV, Sparks EA, Boudoulas H, et al. Tricuspid valve disease: tricuspid valve complex perspective. Curr Probl Cardiol. 2002;27:103-142.
10. Essop MR, Nkomo VT. Rheumatic and nonrheumatic valvular heart disease: epidemiology, management, and prevention in Africa. Circulation. 2005;112:3584-3591.
11. Goswami KC, Rao MB, Dev V, et al. Juvenile tricuspid stenosis and rheumatic tricuspid valve disease: an echocardiographic study. Int J Cardiol. 1999;72:83-86.
12. Yousof AM, Shafei MZ, Endrys G, et al. Tricuspid stenosis and regurgitation in rheumatic heart disease: a prospective cardiac catheterization study in 525 patients. Am Heart J. 1985;110:60-64.
13. Kitchin A, Turner R. Diagnosis and treatment of tricuspid stenosis. Br Heart J. 1964;26:354-379.
14. Bassan MD, Ahlman H, Wangberg B, et al. Biology and management of the midgut carcinoid syndrome. Am J Surg. 1993;165:288-297.
15. Fox DJ, Khattar RS. Carcinoid heart disease: presentation, diagnosis, and management. Heart. 2004;90:1224-1228.
16. Reichek N, Shelburne JC, Perloff JK. Clinical aspects of rheumatic valvular disease. Prog Cardiovasc Dis. 1973;15:491-537.
17. Stevens D, Kaplan E. Streptococcal infections. Clinical aspects, microbiology and molecular pathogenesis. New York, NY: Oxford University Press, 2000:102-132.
18. Kaplan EL, Wotton JT, Johnson DR. Dynamic epidemiology of group A streptococcal serotypes associated with pharyngitis. Lancet. 2001;358:1334-1337.
19. Bisno AL, Brito MO, Collins CM. Molecular basis of group A streptococcal virulence. Lancet Infect Dis. 2003;3:191-200.
20. Dajani A, Taubert K, Ferrieri P, et al. Treatment of acute streptococcal pharyngitis and prevention of rheumatic fever: a statement for health professionals. Committee on Rheumatic Fever, Endocarditis, and Kawasaki Disease of the Council on Cardiovascular Disease in the Young, the American Heart Association. Pediatrics. 1995;96:758-764.
21. Shulman ST, Bisno AL, Clegg HW, et al; Infectious Diseases Society of America. Clinical practice guideline for the diagnosis and management of group A streptococcal pharyngitis: 2012 update by the Infectious Diseases Society of America. Clin Infect Dis. 2012;55:e86-e102.
22. American Academy of Pediatrics Committee on Infectious Diseases. Red book: report of the Committee on Infectious Diseases. 27th ed. Evanston, IL: American Academy of Pediatrics, 2006.
23. Nishimura RA, Otto CM, Bonow RO, et al. 2014 AHA/ACC Guideline for the management of patients with valvular heart disease: a report of the American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association Task Force on Practice Guidelines. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2014;63:e57-e185.
24. Marcus RH, Sareli P, Pocock WA, et al. The spectrum of severe rheumatic valve disease in a developing country. Correlations among clinical presentation, surgical pathologic findings, and hemodynamic sequelae. Ann Intern Med. 1994;120:177-183.
25. Rowe JC, Bland EF, Sprague HB, et al. The course of mitral stenosis without surgery: ten- and twenty-year perspectives. Ann Intern Med. 1960;52:741-749.
26. Selzer A, Cohn KE. Natural history of mitral stenosis: a review. Circulation. 1972;45:878-890.
27. Carroll JD, Feldman T. Percutaneous mitral balloon valvotomy and the new demographics of mitral stenosis. JAMA. 1993;270:1731-1736.
28. Oh JK, Tajik AJ, Seward JB. The echo manual. 3rd ed. Philadelphia, PA: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins; 2006.
29. Baumgartner H, Hung J, Bermejo J, et al. American Society of Echocardiography; European Association of Echocardiography. Echocardiographic assessment of valve stenosis: EAE/ASE recommendations for clinical practice. J Am Soc Echocardiogr. 2009;22:1-23.
30. Killip J 3rd, Lukas DS. Tricuspid stenosis physiologic criteria for diagnosis and hemodynamic abnormalities. Circulation. 1957;16:3-13.
31. Sandmann H, Pakkal M, Steeds R. Cardiovascular magnetic resonance imaging in the assessment of carcinoid heart disease. Clin Radiol. 2009;64:761-766.
32. Bhattacharyya S, Toumpanakis C, Burke M, et al. Features of carcinoid heart disease identified by two- and three-dimensional echocardiography and cardiac magnetic resonance imaging. Circ Cardiovasc Imaging. 2010;3:103-111.
33. Perloff PK, Harvey WP. Clinical recognition of tricuspid stenosis. Circulation. 1960;22;346-364.
34. Fawzy ME, Mercer EN, Dunn B, et al. Doppler echocardiography in the evaluation of tricuspid stenosis. Eur Heart J. 1989;10:985-990.
35. Ha JW, Chung N, Jang Yet al. Tricuspid stenosis and regurgitation: Doppler and color flow echocardiography and cardiac catheterization findings. Clin Cardiol. 2000;23:51-52.
36. Bonow RO, Carabello BA, Chatterjee K, et al. ACC/AHA 2006 guidelines for the management of patients with valvular heart disease. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2006;48:e1-e148.
37. Filsoufi F, Anyanwu AC, Salzberg SP, et al. Long-term outcomes of tricuspid valve replacement in the current era. Ann Thorac Surg. 2005;80:845-850.
38. Marsh H, Martin K, Kvols L, et al. Carcinoid crises during anesthesia: successful treatment with a somatostatin analogue. Anesthesiology. 1987;66:89 –91.
39. Bhattacharyya S, Davar J, Dreyfus G, et al. Carcinoid heart disease. Circulation. 2007;116:2860-2865.
40. Joint Task Force on the Management of Valvular Heart Disease of the European Society of Cardiology (ESC); European Association for Cardio-Thoracic Surgery (EACTS), Vahanian A, Alfieri O, Andreotti F, et al. Guidelines on the management of valvular heart disease (version 2012). Eur Heart J. 2012;33:2451-2496.
41. Oñate A, Alcibar J, Inguanzo R, et al. Balloon dilation of tricuspid and pulmonary valves in carcinoid heart disease. Tex Heart Inst J. 1993;20:115-119.
42. Scully HE, Armstrong CS. Tricuspid valve replacement. Fifteen years of experience with mechanical prostheses and bioprostheses. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg. 1995;109:1035-1041.
43. Connolly HM, Nishimura RA, Smith HC, et al. Outcome of cardiac surgery for carcinoid heart disease. J Am Coll Cardiol. 1995;25:410-416.
44. Connolly HM, Schaff HV, Mullany CJ, et al. Carcinoid heart disease: impact of pulmonary valve replacement in right ventricular function and remodeling. Circulation. 2002;106(12 Suppl 1):I51-I56.
45. Bhattacharyya S, Raja SG, Toumpanakis C, et al. Outcomes, risks and complications of cardiac surgery for carcinoid heart disease. Eur J Cardiothorac Surg. 2011;40168-172.
46. Sancaktar O, Kumbasar SD, Semiz E, et al. Late results of combined percutaneous balloon valvuloplasty of mitral and tricuspid valves. Cathet Cardiovasc Diagn. 1998;45:246-250.
47. Ribeiro PA, al Zaibag M, Idris MT. Percutaneous double balloon tricuspid valvotomy for severe tricuspid stenosis: 3-year follow-up study. Eur Heart J. 1990;11:1109-1112.
48. Tzifa A, Momenah T, Al Sahari A, et al. Transcatheter valve-in-valve implantation in the tricuspid position. EuroIntervention. 2014;10:995-999.
49. Hoendermis ES, Douglas YL, van den Heuvel AF. Percutaneous Edwards SAPIEN valve implantation in the tricuspid position: case report and review of literature. EuroIntervention. 2012;8:628-633.
50. Cullen MW, Cabalka AK, Alli OO, et al. Transvenous, antegrade Melody valve-in-valve implantation for bioprosthetic mitral and tricuspid valve dysfunction: a case series in children and adults. JACC Cardiovasc Interv. 2013;6:598-605.
51. Roberts PA, Boudjemline Y, Cheatham JP, et al. Percutaneous tricuspid valve replacement in congenital and acquired heart disease. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2011;58:117-122.
52. Møller JE, Pellikka PA, Bernheim AM, et al. Prognosis of carcinoid heart disease: analysis of 200 cases over two decades. Circulation. 2005;112:3320-3327.
53. Castillo JG, Filsoufi F, Rahmanian PB, et al. Early and late results of valvular surgery for carcinoid heart disease. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2008;51:1507-1509.
使用此内容应接受我们的免责声明。
BMJ临床实践的持续改进离不开您的帮助和反馈。如果您发现任何功能问题和内容错误,或您对BMJ临床实践有任何疑问或建议,请您扫描右侧二维码并根据页面指导填写您的反馈和联系信息*。一旦您的建议在我们核实后被采纳,您将会收到一份小礼品。
如果您有紧急问题需要我们帮助,请您联系我们。
邮箱:bmjchina.support@bmj.com
电话:+86 10 64100686-612
*您的联系信息仅会用于我们与您确认反馈信息和礼品事宜。
BMJ临床实践官方反馈平台