尽管曾经被认为是先天性的,目前认为囊状动脉瘤是获得性的,由于血流动力学原因导致血管壁受损而引起,其他少见病因包括外伤、感染、肿瘤、动静脉畸形/瘘以及药物滥用。
众所周知的遗传性结缔组织病与家族性动脉瘤发病之间的联系支持遗传因素。这种因素在常染色体显性遗传性多囊肾、Ehlers-Danlos综合征IV型、神经纤维瘤病I型及Marfan综合征中更需要考虑。[6]Schievink WI. Intracranial aneurysms. N Engl J Med. 1997;336:28-40.http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8970938?tool=bestpractice.com
所有的人群研究一致显示吸烟是动脉瘤性蛛网膜下腔出血(SAH)的危险因素。[7]Petitti DB, Wingerd J. Use of oral contraceptives, cigarette smoking, and risk of subarachnoid haemorrhage. Lancet. 1978;2:234-235.http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/79030?tool=bestpractice.com[8]Bonita R. Cigarette smoking, hypertension and the risk of subarachnoid hemorrhage: a population-based case-control study. Stroke. 1986;17:831-835.http://stroke.ahajournals.org/content/17/5/831.longhttp://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/3094199?tool=bestpractice.com[9]Knekt P, Reunanen A, Aho K, et al. Risk factors for subarachnoid hemorrhage in a longitudinal population study. J Clin Epidemiol. 1991;44:933-939.http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/1890435?tool=bestpractice.com[10]Juvela S, Hillbom M, Numminen H, et al. Cigarette smoking and alcohol consumption as risk factors for aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage. Stroke. 1993;24:639-646.http://stroke.ahajournals.org/content/24/5/639.longhttp://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8488517?tool=bestpractice.com
中至大量饮酒是动脉瘤性SAH 的独立危险因素。[10]Juvela S, Hillbom M, Numminen H, et al. Cigarette smoking and alcohol consumption as risk factors for aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage. Stroke. 1993;24:639-646.http://stroke.ahajournals.org/content/24/5/639.longhttp://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8488517?tool=bestpractice.com