因患者分布于多领域,诊断、命名和分布困难, CRPS 发病率和患病率一直难以确定。在明尼苏达州奥姆斯特德县,风险人群的 I 型 CRPS 年发病率为 5.46/ 100,000,而患病率为 20.57/100,000,发病平均年龄为 46 岁。[10]Sandroni P, Benrud-Larson LM, McClelland RL, et al. Complex regional pain syndrome type I: incidence and prevalence in Olmsted county, a population-based study. Pain. 2003;103:199-207.http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12749974?tool=bestpractice.com在荷兰,发病率为 26.2/100,000,最多出现于 61~70 岁年龄组,发病平均年龄为 52.7 岁。[11]de Mos M, de Bruijn AG, Huygen FJ, et al. The incidence of complex regional pain syndrome: a population-based study. Pain. 2007;129:12-20.http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17084977?tool=bestpractice.com上述发病率存在 5 倍差距,原因不明。但在两项研究中,女性受累及的频率比男性要高 3~4 倍,而且骨折是最常见的诱发事件。
轻度 I 型 CRPS 可能继发于 30%~40% 的骨折、扭伤/劳累、手术外伤和固定,但在 1%~2% 的骨折后可能出现严重和慢性 I 型 CRPS。[12]Bickerstaff DR, Kanis JA. Algodystrophy: an under-recognized complication of minor trauma. Br J Rheumatol. 1994;33:240-248.http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8156286?tool=bestpractice.com[13]Atkins RM, Duckworth T, Kanis JA. Features of algodystrophy after Colles fracture. J Bone Joint Surg Br. 1990;72-B:105-110.http://www.bjj.boneandjoint.org.uk/content/72-B/1/105.longhttp://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2298766?tool=bestpractice.com[14]Atkins RM. Complex regional pain syndrome. J Bone Joint Surg Br. 2003;85-B:1100-1106.http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/14653588?tool=bestpractice.com据估计,风险人群的 II 型 CRPS 年发病率为 0.82/100,000,患病率为 4.2/100,000,无性别差异。[10]Sandroni P, Benrud-Larson LM, McClelland RL, et al. Complex regional pain syndrome type I: incidence and prevalence in Olmsted county, a population-based study. Pain. 2003;103:199-207.http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12749974?tool=bestpractice.comCRPS 发生于约 4% 的周围神经损伤中。[15]Veldman PH, Reynen HM, Arntz IE, et al. Signs and symptoms of reflex sympathetic dystrophy: prospective study of 829 patients. Lancet. 1993;342:1012-1016.http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8105263?tool=bestpractice.com