在开始无麸质饮食后,IgA-tTG 的正常化与黏膜愈合之间可能存在不一致性。[100]Silvester JA, Kurada S, Szwajcer A, et al. Tests for serum transglutaminase and endomysial antibodies do not detect most patients with celiac disease and persistent villous atrophy on gluten-free diets: a meta-analysis. Gastroenterology. 2017 Sep;153(3):689-701.https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5738024/http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28545781?tool=bestpractice.com 黏膜完全恢复的时间有所不同,并且不到一半的乳糜泻患者在坚持无麸质饮食 1 年后十二指肠组织学恢复正常,与儿童相比,成人黏膜愈合的可能性较小。[101]Szakács Z, Mátrai P, Hegyi P, et al. Younger age at diagnosis predisposes to mucosal recovery in celiac disease on a gluten-free diet: a meta-analysis. PLoS One. 2017 Nov 2;12(11):e0187526.https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5695627/http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29095937?tool=bestpractice.com 此外,有无症状对黏膜炎症或恢复的预测作用较差。[102]Mahadev S, Murray JA, Wu TT, et al. Factors associated with villus atrophy in symptomatic coeliac disease patients on a gluten-free diet. Aliment Pharmacol Ther. 2017 Apr;45(8):1084-93.https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.1111/apt.13988http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28220520?tool=bestpractice.com