FAP患者的术前结肠评估[82]Heiskanen I, Kellokumpu I, Jarvinen H. Management of duodenal adenomas in 98 patients with familial adenomatous polyposis. Endoscopy. 1999;31:412-416.http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10494676?tool=bestpractice.com[83]Bussey HJR. Familial polyposis coli: family studies, histopathology, differential diagnosis, and results of treatment. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press; 1975.[84]Cairns SR, Scholefield JH, Steele RJ, et al. Guidelines for colorectal cancer screening and surveillance in moderate and high risk groups (update from 2002). Gut. 2010;59:666-690.http://www.bsg.org.uk/images/stories/docs/clinical/guidelines/endoscopy/ccs_10.pdfhttp://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20427401?tool=bestpractice.com
结肠腺瘤性息肉病 (APC) 基因突变携带者从 10-12 岁开始即应每年接受一次软式乙状结肠镜检查,如果发现腺瘤,需要改为采用结肠镜检查。
对{0}APC{1}基因突变状态不明的{2}FAP{3}家系成员,应从{4}10-15{5}岁开始每年进行乙状结肠镜筛查,{6}26-35{7}岁期间每两年复查,{8}36-50{9}岁期间每三年复查。
对{0}APC{1}基因突变阴性的{2}FAP{3}风险人群应在{4}15{5}、{6}18{7}及{8}35{9}岁行乙状结肠镜检查,也有学者认为这部分突变阴性风险人群的乙状结肠镜检查如果连续两次无异常发现,则无需继续定期复查, 然而,从{0}40{1}岁开始应每{2}5{3}年进行一次结肠镜检查。
FAP/衰减型FAP患者结肠切除术后的肠袋或直肠筛查[29]Ozdemir Y, Kalady MF, Aytac E, et al. Anal transitional zone neoplasia in patients with familial adenomatous polyposis after restorative proctocolectomy and IPAA: incidence, management, and oncologic and functional outcomes. Dis Colon Rectum. 2013;56:808-814.http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23739186?tool=bestpractice.com[82]Heiskanen I, Kellokumpu I, Jarvinen H. Management of duodenal adenomas in 98 patients with familial adenomatous polyposis. Endoscopy. 1999;31:412-416.http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10494676?tool=bestpractice.com[83]Bussey HJR. Familial polyposis coli: family studies, histopathology, differential diagnosis, and results of treatment. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press; 1975.
衰减型FAP患者术前结肠筛查[82]Heiskanen I, Kellokumpu I, Jarvinen H. Management of duodenal adenomas in 98 patients with familial adenomatous polyposis. Endoscopy. 1999;31:412-416.http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10494676?tool=bestpractice.com[83]Bussey HJR. Familial polyposis coli: family studies, histopathology, differential diagnosis, and results of treatment. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press; 1975.
十二指肠/壶腹周围息肉筛查与监测[82]Heiskanen I, Kellokumpu I, Jarvinen H. Management of duodenal adenomas in 98 patients with familial adenomatous polyposis. Endoscopy. 1999;31:412-416.http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10494676?tool=bestpractice.com[83]Bussey HJR. Familial polyposis coli: family studies, histopathology, differential diagnosis, and results of treatment. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press; 1975.
对于已知 APC 基因突变携带者以及被发现有结直肠腺瘤风险的人群,应进行前视和侧视食管胃十二指肠镜检查 (oesophagogastroduodenoscopies, OGDs)。如果未发现息肉,应每 5 年进行一次食管胃十二指肠镜检查,直至发现息肉。
一旦发现息肉,应依据{0}Spigelman{1}标准评估疾病监测频率。 对0级和{0}1{1}级病变,应每{2}5{3}年进行筛查; 对2级病变,应每3年进行筛查;对3级病变,应每1-2年进行筛查;对4级病变,应考虑手术治疗。[28]Spigelman AD, Williams CB, Talbot IC, et al. Upper gastrointestinal cancer in patients with familial adenomatous polyposis. Lancet. 1989;2:783-785.http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2571019?tool=bestpractice.com
小肠筛查[85]Ladas SD, Triantafyllou K, Spada C, et al. European Society of Gastrointestinal Endoscopy (ESGE): recommendations (2009) on clinical use of video capsule endoscopy to investigate small-bowel, esophageal and colonic diseases. Endoscopy. 2010;42:220-227.http://www.esge.com/assets/downloads/pdfs/guidelines/2009_recommendations_video_capsule.pdfhttp://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20195992?tool=bestpractice.com
由于{0}FAP{1}患者甲状腺癌患病风险升高,因此应每年进行甲状腺查体筛查甲状腺结节。