盆腔脏器脱垂 (pelvic organ prolapse, POP) 在美国很常见,并且逐年增加,每年约有 200,000 名美国妇女接受手术治疗。[1]Boyles SH, Weber AM, Meyn L. Procedures for pelvic organ prolapse in the United States, 1979-1997. Am J Obstet Gynecol. 2003;188:108-115.http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12548203?tool=bestpractice.com 一项流行病学研究评估了在 Northwestern-Kaiser 医疗保健部就诊的大规模人群,结果表明年龄小于 80 岁的美国女性因盆腔脏器脱垂和尿失禁而接受手术治疗的风险约为 11.1%,接近 30% 的患者接受过不止一次手术。[2]Brubaker L Bump R, Jacquetin B, et al. Pelvic organ prolapse. In: Abrams P, Cardozo L, Khoury S, et al, eds. Incontinence: 2nd international consultation on incontinence. Plymouth, UK: Health Publication Ltd; 2002:243-265.http://www.icsoffice.org/ASPNET_Membership/Membership/Publications/ICI_2/chapters/Chap05.pdf 在未来的 30 年间,我们预计因盆底疾病而接受治疗的女性将增加 45%。[3]Luber KM, Boero S, Choe JY. The demographics of pelvic floor disorders: current observations and future projections. Am J Obstet Gynecol. 2001;184:1496-1501.http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11408873?tool=bestpractice.com
在英国,牛津计划生育协会 (Oxford Family Planning Association) 对 17,032 名 年龄在 25-39 岁之间的女性进行了研究,结果表明因盆腔脏器脱垂而住院的发生率风险约为 2.04/1000 人年。[4]Mant J, Painter R, Vessey M. Epidemiology of genital prolapse: observations from the Oxford Family Planning Association Study. Br J Obstet Gynaecol. 1997;104:579-585.http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9166201?tool=bestpractice.com
盆腔脏器脱垂到达处女膜水平的发生率为 2%-48%,低于处女膜水平的发生率为 2%-4%。[2]Brubaker L Bump R, Jacquetin B, et al. Pelvic organ prolapse. In: Abrams P, Cardozo L, Khoury S, et al, eds. Incontinence: 2nd international consultation on incontinence. Plymouth, UK: Health Publication Ltd; 2002:243-265.http://www.icsoffice.org/ASPNET_Membership/Membership/Publications/ICI_2/chapters/Chap05.pdf 在女性健康倡议 (Women's Health Initiative, WHI) 的研究中,41% 的年龄在 50-79 岁的女性患有盆腔脏器脱垂,包括膀胱脱垂 (34%)、直肠脱垂 (19%) 和子宫脱垂 (14%)。[5]Hendrix SL, Clark A, Nygaard I, et al. Pelvic organ prolapse in the Women's Health Initiative: gravity and gravidity. Am J Obstet Gynecol. 2002;186:1160-1166.http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12066091?tool=bestpractice.com 仅 10%-20% 的女性将会寻求医疗帮助。[6]Thakar R, Stanton S. Management of genital prolapse. BMJ. 2002;324:1258-1262.http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12028982?tool=bestpractice.com