肌筋膜性疼痛出现在全科门诊大约30%的患者中,且通常是专科疼痛门诊的最常见诊断。[4]Skootsky SA, Jaeger B, Oye RK. Prevalence of myofascial pain in general internal medicine practice. West J Med. 1989 Aug;151(2):157-60.https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1026905/pdf/westjmed00120-0043.pdfhttp://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2788962?tool=bestpractice.com
关节炎(骨关节炎和类风湿性关节炎)是最常见的慢性疼痛疾病之一,在欧洲和美国人群中8%-16%诊断为关节炎。[5]Reginster JY. The prevalence and burden of arthritis. Rheumatology (Oxford). 2002 Apr;41 Supp 1:3-6.https://academic.oup.com/rheumatology/article/41/suppl_1/3/2255506http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12173279?tool=bestpractice.com
神经病变性疼痛是全科医疗中第14常见的疼痛主诉。[6]Hasselström J, Liu-Palmgren J, Rasjö-Wrååk G. Prevalence of pain in general practice. Eur J Pain. 2002;6(5):375-85.http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12160512?tool=bestpractice.com
纤维肌痛累及约2%的成人,主要为女性。使用全国登记数据进行分析,估计500万美国成人患有纤维肌痛。[7]Lawrence RC, Felson DT, Helmick CG, et al. Estimates of the prevalence of arthritis and other rheumatic conditions in the United States. Part II. Arthritis Rheum. 2008 Jan;58(1):26-35.https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.1002/art.23176http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18163497?tool=bestpractice.com 纤维肌痛虽然常常被认为是年轻女性的疾病,但一般累及35-60岁成人。
头痛是美国全国调查中女性到初级保健医生办公室就诊的前10大原因之一。[8]Brett KM, Burt CW. Utilization of ambulatory medical care by women: United States, 1997-98. Vital Health Stat 13. 2001 Jul;(149):1-46.https://www.cdc.gov/nchs/data/series/sr_13/sr13_149.pdfhttp://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11478128?tool=bestpractice.com 尽管紧张型头痛是社区调查中确定的最常见慢性头痛,但偏头痛是寻求头痛治疗的患者中最常报告的头痛。[9]Rasmussen BK, Jensen R, Schroll M, et al. Epidemiology of headache in a general population - a prevalence study. J Clin Epidemiol. 1991;44(11):1147-57.http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/1941010?tool=bestpractice.com[10]Tepper SJ, Dahlöf CG, Dowson A, et al. Prevalence and diagnosis of migraine in patients consulting their physician with a complaint of headache: data from the Landmark Study. Headache. 2004 Oct;44(9):856-64.http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15447694?tool=bestpractice.com