一线治疗手段为肝门肠吻合术 (HPE),约 50% 的儿童术后 2 年内无需进行肝移植。[65]Shneider BL, Brown MB, Haber B, et al. A multicenter study of the outcome of biliary atresia in the United States, 1997 to 2000. J Pediatr. 2006;148:467-474.http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16647406?tool=bestpractice.com若 HPE 术后三个月出现总胆红素水平<34.2 μmol/L (<2 mg/dL),2 岁患儿无需肝移植的概率为 84%。[65]Shneider BL, Brown MB, Haber B, et al. A multicenter study of the outcome of biliary atresia in the United States, 1997 to 2000. J Pediatr. 2006;148:467-474.http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16647406?tool=bestpractice.comHPE 术后护理重点是脂溶性维生素的替代、营养康复、胆管炎预防和尽量减少门静脉高压后遗症的发生。总体来看, 70% 或以上的患儿最终需要进行肝移植。[66]Altman RP, Lilly JR, Greenfeld J, et al. A multivariable risk factor analysis of the portoenterostomy (Kasai) procedure for biliary atresia: twenty-five years of experience from two centers. Ann Surg. 1997;226:348-355.http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1191037/pdf/annsurg00019-0152.pdfhttp://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9339941?tool=bestpractice.com