检查 抽取静脉血使用无铅容器送至实验室。 实验室要求样本必须是抗凝血,通常应用肝素抗凝。
无“正常”水平,在出现首个表现时就需要采取干预措施。
全血铅水平从 0.1 μmol/L (2~3 μg/dL) 升高至 0.5 μmol/L (10 μg/dL) 时会导致儿童 IQ 显著降低,并且降低的幅度在 10 以上。[19]Lanphear BP, Hornung R, Khoury J, et al. Low-level environmental lead exposure and children's intellectual function: an international pooled analysis. Environ Health Perspect. 2005;113:894-899.http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1257652/http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16002379?tool=bestpractice.com[20]Jusko TA, Henderson CR, Lanphear BP, et al. Blood lead concentrations < 10 microg/dL and child intelligence at 6 years of age. Environ Health Perspect. 2008;116:243-248.http://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pubmed&pubmedid=18288325http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18288325?tool=bestpractice.com[21]Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Preventing lead poisoning in young children. Atlanta, GA: CDC; 2005.http://www.cdc.gov/nceh/lead/publications/PrevLeadPoisoning.pdf[22]Canfield RL, Henderson CR Jr, Cory-Slechta DA, et al. Intellectual impairment in children with blood lead concentrations below 10 microg per deciliter. N Engl J Med. 2003;348:1517-1526.http://www.nejm.org/doi/full/10.1056/NEJMoa022848#t=articlehttp://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12700371?tool=bestpractice.com[25]Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) Advisory Committee on Childhood Lead Poisoning Prevention. Interpreting and managing blood lead levels < 10 microg/dL in children and reducing childhood exposures to lead. MMWR Recomm Rep. 2007;56:1-16.http://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/rr5608a1.htmhttp://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17975528?tool=bestpractice.com 但是在铅水平低时,大多数干预措施并不能降低血铅水平,所以预防是防止 IQ 降低的主要手段。