在所有需要护理的患者中男女综合起来,泌尿系统感染为最常见的感染,它也是非住院患者中第二位最常见的感染。[9]Foxman B. Epidemiology of urinary tract infections: incidence, morbidity, and economic costs. Am J Med. 2002;113(Suppl 1A):5S-13S.http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12113866?tool=bestpractice.com在男性和女性所有的院内感染中40%是泌尿系统感染;其中80%继发于留置导尿管。[1]Schaeffer AJ. Infections of the urinary tract. In: Walsh PC, ed. Campbells' urology, 8th ed. Philadelphia, PA: Saunders; 2002.[10]Ruben FL, Dearwater SR, Norden CW, et al. Clinical infections in the noninstitutionalized geriatric age group: methods utilized and incidence of infections. The Pittsburgh Good Health Study. Am J Epidemiol. 1995;141:145-157.http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7817970?tool=bestpractice.com[11]Stamm WE. Scientific and clinical challenges in the management of urinary tract infections. Am J Med. 2002;113(suppl 1A):1S-4S.http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12113865?tool=bestpractice.com在泌尿系统感染的总体发病人群中男性占20%,估计终生患病率为13 689/10万人。[12]Griebling TL. Urinary tract infection in men. In: Litwin MS, Saigal CS, eds. Urologic diseases in America. DHHS, PHS, NIH, NIDDK. Washington, DC: GPO; 2004. NIH Publication No. 07-5512:621-646.老龄化促进了男性泌尿系统感染的发生。泌尿系统感染很少发生于50岁之前的男性中。[12]Griebling TL. Urinary tract infection in men. In: Litwin MS, Saigal CS, eds. Urologic diseases in America. DHHS, PHS, NIH, NIDDK. Washington, DC: GPO; 2004. NIH Publication No. 07-5512:621-646.此外,在长期护理机构居住与男性发生菌尿和泌尿系统感染的可能性相关。老年护理机构的男女之间发生泌尿系统感染的比例几乎相等(2-3:1),不同于年轻女性和男性之间的比例(25:1)。[13]Shortliffe LM, McCue JD. Urinary tract infection at the age extremes: pediatrics and geriatrics. Am J Med. 2002;112(suppl 1A):55S-66S.http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12113872?tool=bestpractice.com此外,老年护理机构中的男性高达40%有无症状性菌尿。[7]Nicolle LE, Bradley S, Colgan R, et al. Infectious Diseases Society of America guidelines for the diagnosis and treatment of asymptomatic bacteriuria in adults. Clin Infect Dis. 2005;40:643-654.http://cid.oxfordjournals.org/content/40/5/643.longhttp://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15714408?tool=bestpractice.com[12]Griebling TL. Urinary tract infection in men. In: Litwin MS, Saigal CS, eds. Urologic diseases in America. DHHS, PHS, NIH, NIDDK. Washington, DC: GPO; 2004. NIH Publication No. 07-5512:621-646.[13]Shortliffe LM, McCue JD. Urinary tract infection at the age extremes: pediatrics and geriatrics. Am J Med. 2002;112(suppl 1A):55S-66S.http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12113872?tool=bestpractice.com