涉及男孩的研究结果表明包皮环切是具有预防作用的。[30]Singh-Grewal D, Macdessi J, Craig J. Circumcision for the prevention of urinary tract infection in boys: a systematic review of randomised trials and observational studies. Arch Dis Child. 2005;90:853-858.http://adc.bmj.com/content/90/8/853.longhttp://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15890696?tool=bestpractice.com但是,对于成年男性没有明确的建议。银或抗生素涂覆的导尿管可降低导尿管相关的菌尿,但未明确地显示可防止泌尿系统感染;因此,最好的预防是拔除或避免导尿管。[26]Huang W, Wann S, Lin S, et al. Catheter-associated urinary tract infections in intensive care units can be reduced by prompting physicians to remove unnecessary catheters. Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol. 2004;25:974-978.http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15566033?tool=bestpractice.com[31]Johnson JR, Kuskowski MA, Wilt TJ. Systematic review: antimicrobial urinary catheters to prevent catheter-associated urinary tract infection in hospitalized patients. Ann Intern Med. 2006;144:116-126.http://annals.org/aim/article/719502/systematic-review-antimicrobial-urinary-catheters-prevent-catheter-associated-urinary-tracthttp://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16418411?tool=bestpractice.com[32]Lam TB, Omar M, Fisher E, et al. Types of indwelling urethral catheters for short-term catheterisation in hospitalised adults. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2014;(9):CD004013.http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/14651858.CD004013.pub4/fullhttp://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25248140?tool=bestpractice.com[33]Drekonja DM, Kuskowski MA, Wilt TJ, et al. Antimicrobial urinary catheters: a systematic review. Exp Rev Med Devices. 2008;5:495-506.http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18573048?tool=bestpractice.com[34]Tenke P, Kovacs B, Bjerklund Johansen TE, et al. European and Asian guidelines on management and prevention of catheter-associated urinary tract infections. Int J Antimicrob Agents. 2008;31(suppl 1):S68-S78.http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18006279?tool=bestpractice.com[35]Stensballe J, Tvede M, Looms D, et al. Infection risk with nitrofurazone-impregnated urinary catheters in trauma patients: a randomized trial. Ann Intern Med. 2007;147:285-293.http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17785483?tool=bestpractice.com[36]Pickard R, Lam T, MacLennan G, et al. Antimicrobial catheters for reduction of symptomatic urinary tract infection in adults requiring short-term catheterisation in hospital: a multicentre randomised controlled trial. Lancet. 2012;380:1927-1935.http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23134837?tool=bestpractice.com关于临床实践中对于不同人群预防使用多种药物(例如,马尿酸乌洛托品)和非有药物治疗策略(如,鼓励蔓越莓汁的摄入)证据等级和适用性存在是有争议的,因为对于男性泌尿系统感染分组的概念上存在明显分歧。在这些治疗研究中均应该检查是否存在尿路异常。[37]Jepson RG, Williams G, Craig JC. Cranberries for preventing urinary tract infections. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2012;(10):CD001321.http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/14651858.CD001321.pub5/fullhttp://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23076891?tool=bestpractice.com[38]Jepson RG, Craig JC. A systematic review of the evidence for cranberries and blueberries in UTI prevention. Mol Nutr Food Res. 2007;51:738-745.http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17492798?tool=bestpractice.com[39]Lee BS, Bhuta T, Simpson JM, et al. Methenamine hippurate for preventing urinary tract infections. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2012;(10):CD003265.http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/14651858.CD003265.pub3/fullhttp://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23076896?tool=bestpractice.com[40]Cruz F, Dambros M, Naber KG, et al. Recurrent urinary tract infections: Uro-Vaxom, a new alternative. Eur Urol Suppl. 2009;8:762-768.[41]Naber KG, Cho YH, Matsumoto T, et al. Immunoactive prophylaxis of recurrent urinary tract infections: a meta-analysis. Int J Antimicrob Agents. 2009;33:111-119.http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18963856?tool=bestpractice.com