在完成急性泌尿系统感染治疗后,男性应接受2-4周的临床随访。在随访期间,不需要进一步检测,但医生应当确保症状消失和抗生素治疗完成,并设法查明可能预示复杂性泌尿系统感染的因素。患者应被告知复发性泌尿系统感染必须接受详细的尿路影像学评价。
经住院治疗的泌尿系统感染的患者应该接受类似的临床随访,如果由于治疗失败或肾盂肾炎而住院,则有指征行影像学检查。
留置导尿管的患者应持续进行临床监测;不建议预防性应用抗生素。[31]Johnson JR, Kuskowski MA, Wilt TJ. Systematic review: antimicrobial urinary catheters to prevent catheter-associated urinary tract infection in hospitalized patients. Ann Intern Med. 2006;144:116-126.http://annals.org/aim/article/719502/systematic-review-antimicrobial-urinary-catheters-prevent-catheter-associated-urinary-tracthttp://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16418411?tool=bestpractice.com[59]Hamasuna R, Takahashi S, Yamamoto S, et al. Guideline for the prevention of health care-associated infection in urological practice in Japan. Int J Urol. 2011;18:495-502.http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/j.1442-2042.2011.02769.x/fullhttp://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21569109?tool=bestpractice.com导尿管应尽快移除。不建议在导尿管移除后筛查无症状性菌尿。[7]Nicolle LE, Bradley S, Colgan R, et al. Infectious Diseases Society of America guidelines for the diagnosis and treatment of asymptomatic bacteriuria in adults. Clin Infect Dis. 2005;40:643-654.http://cid.oxfordjournals.org/content/40/5/643.longhttp://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15714408?tool=bestpractice.com
无症状性菌尿的患者不需要接受随访,除非他们计划接受泌尿系统手术操作。