增殖腺扁桃体切除术被认为是儿童阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停的一线治疗。[53]Mitchell RB. Adenotonsillectomy for obstructive sleep apnea in children: outcome evaluated by pre- and postoperative polysomnography. Laryngoscope. 2007;117:1844-1854.http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17721406?tool=bestpractice.com[75]Goldbart AD, Goldman JL, Veling MC, et al. Leukotriene modifier therapy for mild sleep-disordered breathing in children. Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 2005;172:364-370.http://www.atsjournals.org/doi/full/10.1164/rccm.200408-1064OChttp://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15879419?tool=bestpractice.com[76]Alkhalil M, Lockey R. Pediatric obstructive sleep apnea syndrome (OSAS) for the allergist: update on the assessment and management. Ann Allergy Asthma Immunol. 2011;107:104-109.http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21802017?tool=bestpractice.com通常79%~92%的儿童有效,然而一些研究已经证实少部分患者(尤其是肥胖儿童)的阻塞得以完全缓解。[77]Mitchell RB, Kelly J. Outcomes and quality of life following adenotonsillectomy for sleep-disordered breathing in children. ORL J Otorhinolaryngol Relat Spec. 2007;69:345-348.http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18033971?tool=bestpractice.com[78]Mitchell RB, Kelly J. Outcome of adenotonsillectomy for obstructive sleep apnea in obese and normal-weight children. Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg. 2007;137:43-48.http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17599563?tool=bestpractice.com[79]Tauman R, Gulliver TE, Krishna J, et al. Persistence of obstructive sleep apnea syndrome in children after adenotonsillectomy. J Pediatr. 2006;149:803-808.http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17137896?tool=bestpractice.com[104]Friedman M, Wilson M, Lin HC, et al. Updated systematic review of tonsillectomy and adenoidectomy for treatment of pediatric obstructive sleep apnea/hypopnea syndrome. Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg. 2009;140:800-808.http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19467393?tool=bestpractice.com[105]Isaacson G. Tonsillectomy care for the pediatrician. Pediatrics. 2012;130:324-334.http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22753552?tool=bestpractice.com
对于年龄约 5 至 10 岁的儿童,增殖腺扁桃体切除术改善了大多数生活质量和症状的严重程度的测量值,[82]Venekamp RP, Hearne BJ, Chandrasekharan D, et al. Tonsillectomy or adenotonsillectomy versus non-surgical management for obstructive sleep-disordered breathing in children. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2015;(10):CD011165.http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26465274?tool=bestpractice.com但导致临床上体重显著增加,乃至影响到基线超重的儿童。[83]Garetz SL, Mitchell RB, Parker PD, et al. Quality of life and obstructive sleep apnea symptoms after pediatric
adenotonsillectomy. Pediatrics. 2015;135:e477-e486.http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25601979?tool=bestpractice.com[84]Katz ES, Moore RH, Rosen CL, et al. Growth after adenotonsillectomy for obstructive sleep apnea: an RCT. Pediatrics. 2014;134:282-289.http://pediatrics.aappublications.org/content/134/2/282.longhttp://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25070302?tool=bestpractice.com[80]Marcus CL, Moore RH, Rosen CL, et al; Childhood Adenotonsillectomy Trial (CHAT). A randomized trial of adenotonsillectomy for childhood sleep apnea. N Engl J Med. 2013;368:2366-2376.http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3756808/http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23692173?tool=bestpractice.com