卵巢扭转约占所有妇科急症手术的 3%,是发生在异位妊娠之后最常见急症手术的第五位。[1]Hibbard LT. Adnexal torsion. Am J Obstet Gynecol. 1985;152:456-461.http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/4014339?tool=bestpractice.com[2]Oelsner G, Shashar D. Adnexal torsion. Clin Obstet Gynecol. 2006;49:459-463.http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16885653?tool=bestpractice.com卵巢扭转于育龄女性中发生率最高,超过80% 病例发生在 50 岁以下的女性。[3]Varras M, Tsikini A, Polyzos D, et al. Uterine adnexal torsion: pathologic and gray-scale ultrasonographic findings. Clin Exp Obstet Gynecol. 2004;31:34-38.http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/14998184?tool=bestpractice.com扭转的发生率与临床状态相关,大于 90% 的病例与囊肿和肿瘤有关。某些临床因素,例如妊娠和使用促性腺激素诱导排卵也使女性易于发生扭转。[4]Pinto AB, Ratts VS, Williams DB, et al. Reduction of ovarian torsion 1 week after embryo transfer in a patient with bilateral hyperstimulated ovaries. Fertil Steril. 2001;76:403-406.http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11476798?tool=bestpractice.com[5]Child TJ, Watson NR, Ledger WL. Sequential bilateral adnexal torsion after a single cycle of gonadotropin ovulation induction with intrauterine insemination. Fertil Steril. 1997;67:573-575.http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9091351?tool=bestpractice.com[6]Kang HJ, Davis OK, Rosenwaks Z. Simultaneous bilateral ovarian torsion in the follicular phase after gonadotropin stimulation. Fertil Steril. 2006;86:462.e13-462.e14.http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16806209?tool=bestpractice.com[7]Rackow BW, Patrizio P. Successful pregnancy complicated by early and late adnexal torsion after in vitro fertilization. Fertil Steril. 2007;87:697.e9-e12.http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17141765?tool=bestpractice.com[8]Weitzman VN, DiLuigi AJ, Maier DB, et al. Prevention of recurrent adnexal torsion. Fertil Steril. 2008;90:2018.e1-2018.e3.http://www.fertstert.org/article/S0015-0282%2808%2900511-6/fulltexthttp://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18410937?tool=bestpractice.com在所有诊断为卵巢扭转的女性中,妊娠妇女约占 10% - 20%,以妊娠 6 至 14 周发生率最高。[9]Bouguizane S, Bibi H, Farhat Y, et al. Adnexal torsion: a report of 135 cases [in French]. J Gynecol Obstet Biol Reprod (Paris). 2003;32:535-540.http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/14593299?tool=bestpractice.com[10]Born C, Wirth S, Stabler A, et al. Diagnosis of adnexal torsion in the third trimester of pregnancy: a case report. Abdom Imaging. 2004;29:123-127.http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15160766?tool=bestpractice.com[11]Pena JE, Ufberg D, Cooney N, et al. Usefulness of Doppler sonography in the diagnosis of ovarian torsion. Fertil Steril. 2000;73:1047-1050.http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10785237?tool=bestpractice.com[12]Bider D, Mashiach S, Dulitzky M, et al. Clinical, surgical and pathologic findings of adnexal torsion in pregnant and nonpregnant women. Surg Gynecol Obstet. 1991;173:363-366.http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/1948585?tool=bestpractice.com卵巢扭转发生于使用促性腺激素诱导排卵的患者为 6%,在卵巢过度刺激综合征患者高达 16%。[13]Djavadian D, Braendle W, Jaenicke F. Laparoscopic oophoropexy for the treatment of recurrent torsion of the adnexa in pregnancy: case report and review. Fertil Steril. 2004;82:933-936.http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15482773?tool=bestpractice.com