麦克尔憩室 (MD) 为最常见的小肠先天畸形,存在于 1% 至 3% 的人群中。[1]Turgeon DK, Barnett JL. Meckel's diverticulum. Am J Gastroenterol. 1990;85:777-781.http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2196781?tool=bestpractice.com[2]Tavakkoli A, Ashley SW, Zinner MJ. Small intestine. In: Brunicardi FC, Andersen DK, Billiar TR, et al, eds. Schwartz's principles of surgery. 10th ed. New York, NY: McGraw-Hill; 2015.[3]Zani A, Eaton S, Rees CM, et al. Incidentally detected Meckel diverticulum: to resect or not to resect? Ann Surg. 2008;247:276-281.http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18216533?tool=bestpractice.com大多数 MD 患者终其一生均无症状,仅 4% 至 6% 的患者出现症状性并发症。[5]Yahchouchy EK, Marano AF, Etienne JC, et al. Meckel's diverticulum. J Am Coll Surg. 2001;192:658-662.http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11333103?tool=bestpractice.com[9]Soltero MJ, Bill AH. The natural history of Meckel's diverticulum and its relation to incidental removal: a study of 202 cases of diseased Meckel's diverticulum found in King County, Washington, over a fifteen year period. Am J Surg. 1976;132:168-173.http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/952346?tool=bestpractice.com[10]Cullen JJ, Kelly KA, Moir CR, et al. Surgical management of Meckel's diverticulum: an epidemiologic, population-based study. Ann Surg. 1994;220:564-568.http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1234434/pdf/annsurg00056-0170.pdfhttp://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7944666?tool=bestpractice.com多数症状性患者会在 20 岁前出现症状,其中大部分是在 2 岁前。[1]Turgeon DK, Barnett JL. Meckel's diverticulum. Am J Gastroenterol. 1990;85:777-781.http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2196781?tool=bestpractice.com[5]Yahchouchy EK, Marano AF, Etienne JC, et al. Meckel's diverticulum. J Am Coll Surg. 2001;192:658-662.http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11333103?tool=bestpractice.com虽然憩室在两种性别中同样常见,但男性出现症状性并发症的可能性比女性高 2 至 3 倍。[1]Turgeon DK, Barnett JL. Meckel's diverticulum. Am J Gastroenterol. 1990;85:777-781.http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2196781?tool=bestpractice.com
普通人群中的 MD 相关死亡率估计为 0.0016%,按年龄分层的死亡率随年龄增加而降低。对于已记录患有 MD 的患者,麦克尔憩室相关死亡率估计为 1%。[3]Zani A, Eaton S, Rees CM, et al. Incidentally detected Meckel diverticulum: to resect or not to resect? Ann Surg. 2008;247:276-281.http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18216533?tool=bestpractice.com