没有明确定义的遗传或环境危险因素。 约 20%-30% 的患者在 CIDP 之前存在感染、免疫或手术治疗。[1]Dyck PJ, Lais AC, Ohta M, et al. Chronic inflammatory polyradiculoneuropathy. Mayo Clin Proc. 1975 Nov;50(11):621-37.http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/1186294?tool=bestpractice.com[2]McCombe PA, Pollard JD, McLeod JG. Chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyradiculoneuropathy: clinical and electrophysiological study of 92 cases. Brain. 1987 Dec;110 (Pt 6):1617-30.http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/3427403?tool=bestpractice.com[5]Said G. Chronic inflammatory demyelinative polyneuropathy. J Neurol. 2002 Mar;249(3):245-53.http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11993521?tool=bestpractice.com[25]Iijima M, Koike H, Hattori N, et al; Refractory Peripheral Neuropathy Study Group of Japan. Prevalence and incidence rates of chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyneuropathy in the Japanese population. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry. 2008 Sep;79(9):1040-3.http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18223015?tool=bestpractice.com 可能伴发其他自身免疫性疾病,如系统性红斑狼疮、混合性结缔组织病、炎症性肠病、甲状腺毒症、结节病、肾小球肾炎、慢性活动性肝炎及移植物抗宿主病。[26]Hahn AF, Hartung HP, Dyck PJ. Chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyradiculoneuropathy. In: Dyck PJ, Thomas PK, eds. Peripheral neuropathy. 4th ed. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier Saunders; 2005:2221-53.[27]Kissel JT, Mendell JR. Chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyradiculoneuropathy. In: Mendell JR, Kissel JT, Cornblath DR, eds. Diagnosis and management of peripheral nerve disorders. New York, NY: Oxford University Press; 2001:173-91.[28]Reid VA, Black KR, Menkes DL, et al. Chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyradiculoneuropathy: Diagnosis and management. In: Cros D, ed. Peripheral neuropathy. A practical approach to diagnosis and management. Philadelphia, PA: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins; 2001:85-107. 糖尿病患者的 CIDP 发病率可能增加;但是在所有的研究中并没有发现该病症。[24]Laughlin RS, Dyck PJ, Melton LJ 3rd, et al. Incidence and prevalence of CIDP and the association of diabetes mellitus. Neurology. 2009;73:39-45.http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2707109/http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19564582?tool=bestpractice.com[29]Gorson KC, Ropper AH, Adelman LS, et al. Influence of diabetes mellitus on chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyneuropathy. Muscle Nerve. 2000 Jan;23(1):37-43.http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10590404?tool=bestpractice.com 它也可能伴有感染,包括 HIV 感染。[30]Cornblath DR, McArthur JC, Kennedy PG, et al. Inflammatory demyelinating peripheral neuropathies associated with human T-cell lymphotropic virus type III infection. Ann Neurol. 1987 Jan;21(1):32-40.http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/3030188?tool=bestpractice.com[31]Simpson DM, Olney RK. Peripheral neuropathies associated with human immunodeficiency virus infection. Neurol Clin. 1992 Aug;10(3):685-711.http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/1323749?tool=bestpractice.com 约 10%~15% 的患者具有意义未明的良性单克隆免疫球蛋白血症,最常伴有 IgA 或 IgG 副蛋白。[11]Gorson KC, Allam G, Ropper AH. Chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyneuropathy: clinical features and response to treatment in 67 consecutive patients with and without a monoclonal gammopathy. Neurology. 1997 Feb;48(2):321-8.http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9040714?tool=bestpractice.com[32]Simmons Z, Albers JW, Bromberg MB, et al. Long-term follow-up of patients with chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyradiculoneuropathy, without and with monoclonal gammopathy. Brain. 1995 Apr;118 (Pt 2):359-68.http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7735878?tool=bestpractice.com[33]Smith IS. The natural history of chronic demyelinating neuropathy associated with benign IgM paraproteinaemia. A clinical and neurophysiological study. Brain. 1994 Oct;117 (Pt 5):949-57.http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7953604?tool=bestpractice.com