无痛性淋巴细胞性甲状腺炎

Nikolai TF, Brousseau J, Kettrick MA, et al. Lymphocytic thyroiditis with spontaneously resolving hyperthyroidism (silent thyroiditis). Arch Intern Med. 1980;140:478-482.

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Stagnaro-Green A. Clinical review 152: postpartum thyroiditis. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2002;87:4042-4047.

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Amino N, Yabu Y, Miki T, et al. Serum ratio of triiodothyronine to thyroxine, and thyroxine-binding globulin and calcitonin concentration in Graves' disease and destruction-induced thyrotoxicosis. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 1981;53:113-116.

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Nikolai TF, Coombs GJ, McKenzie AK. Lymphocytic thyroiditis with spontaneously resolving hyperthyroidism and subacute thyroiditis: long-term follow-up. Arch Intern Med. 1981;141:1455-1458.

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1.  Woolf PD. Transient painless thyroiditis with hyperthyroidism: a variant of lymphocytic thyroiditis? Endocr Rev. 1980;1:411-420.

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2.  Samuels MH. Subacute, silent and postpartum thyroiditis. Med Clin North Am. 2012;96:223-233.

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3.  Nikolai TF, Brousseau J, Kettrick MA, et al. Lymphocytic thyroiditis with spontaneously resolving hyperthyroidism (silent thyroiditis). Arch Intern Med. 1980;140:478-482.

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4.  Stagnaro-Green A. Clinical review 152: postpartum thyroiditis. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2002;87:4042-4047.

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5.  Carella C, Mazziotti G, Amato G, et al. Clinical review 169: interferon-a-related thyroid disease: pathophysiological, epidemiological, and clinical aspects. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2004;89:3656-3661.

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6.  Miller KK, Daniels GH. Association between lithium use and thyrotoxicosis caused by silent thyroiditis. Clin Endocrinol (Oxf). 2001;55:501-508.

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7.  Ahmadieh H, Salti I. Tyrosine kinase inhibitors induced thyroid dysfunction: a review of its incidence, pathophysiology, clinical relevance, and treatment. Biomed Res Int. 2013;2013:725410.

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8.  Torino F, Barnabei A, Paragliola R, et al. Thyroid dysfunction as an unintended side effect of anticancer drugs. Thyroid. 2013;23:1345-1366.

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9.  Paes JE, Burman KD, Cohen J, et al. Acute bacterial suppurative thyroiditis: a clinical review and expert opinion. Thyroid. 2010;20:247-255.

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10.  Fatourechi V, Aniszewski JP, Fatourechi GZ, et al. Clinical features and outcome of subacute thyroiditis in an incident cohort: Olmstead County, Minnesota, study. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2003;88:2100-2105.

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11.  Stang MT, Yim JH, Challinor SM, et al. Hyperthyroidism after parathyroid exploration. Surgery. 2005;138:1058-1064.

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12.  Aizawa T, Watanabe T, Suzuki N, et al. Radiation-induced painless thyrotoxic thyroiditis followed by hypothyroidism: a case report and literature review. Thyroid. 1998;8:273-275.

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13.  Basaria S, Cooper DS. Amiodarone and the thyroid. Am J Med. 2005;118:706-714.

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14.  Marqusee E, Hill JA, Mandel SJ. Thyroiditis after pregnancy loss. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 1997;82:2455-2457.

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15.  Teng W, Shan Z, Teng X, et al. Effect of iodine intake on thyroid diseases in China. N Engl J Med. 2006;354:2783-2793.

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16.  Farid NR, Hawe BS, Walfish PG. Increased frequency of HLA-DR3 and 5 in the syndromes of painless thyroiditis with transient thyrotoxicosis: evidence for an autoimmune aetiology. Clin Endocrinol (Oxf). 1983;19:699-704.

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17.  Inada M, Nishikawa M, Naito K, et al. Reversible changes of the histological abnormalities of the thyroid in patients with painless thyroiditis. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 1981;52:431-435.

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18.  Lazarus JH, Ammari F, Oretti R, et al. Clinical aspects of recurrent postpartum thyroiditis. Br J Gen Pract. 1997;47:305-308.

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19.  Alvarez-Marfany M, Roman SH, Drexler AJ, et al. Long-term prospective study of postpartum thyroid dysfunction in women with insulin dependent diabetes mellitus. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 1994;79:10-16.

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20.  Amino N, Yabu Y, Miki T, et al. Serum ratio of triiodothyronine to thyroxine, and thyroxine-binding globulin and calcitonin concentration in Graves' disease and destruction-induced thyrotoxicosis. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 1981;53:113-116.

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21.  Ide A, Amino N, Kang S, et al. Differentiation of postpartum Graves' thyrotoxicosis from postpartum destructive thyrotoxicosis using antithyrotropin receptor antibodies and thyroid blood flow. Thyroid. 2014;24:1027-1031.

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22.  Kurita S, Sakurai M, Kita Y, et al. Measurement of thyroid blood flow area is useful for diagnosing the cause of thyrotoxicosis. Thyroid. 2005;15:1249-1252.

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23.  Mariotti S, Martino E, Cupini C, et al. Low serum thyroglobulin as a clue to the diagnosis of thyrotoxicosis factitia. N Engl J Med. 1982;307:410-412.

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24.  Dunzendorfer T, deLas Morenas A, Kalir T, et al. Struma ovarii and hyperthyroidism. Thyroid. 1999;9:499-502.

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25.  Negro R, Formoso G, Mangieri T, et al. Levothyroxine treatment in euthyroid pregnant women with autoimmune thyroid disease: effects on obstetrical complications. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2006;91:2587-2591.

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26.  Haddow JE, Palomaki GE, Allan WC, et al. Maternal thyroid deficiency during pregnancy and subsequent neuropsychological development of the child. N Engl J Med. 1999;341:549-555.

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27.  Taylor PN, Okosieme OE, Premawardhana L, et al. Should all women be screened for thyroid dysfunction in pregnancy? Womens Health (Lond Engl). 2015;11:295-307.

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28.  Stagnaro-Green A, Abalovich M, Alexander E, et al. Guidelines of the American Thyroid Association for the diagnosis and management of thyroid disease during pregnancy and postpartum. Thyroid. 2011;21:1081-1125.

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29.  Abalovich M, Amino N, Barbour LA, et al. Management of thyroid dysfunction during pregnancy and postpartum: an Endocrine Society clinical practice guideline. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2012;97:2543-2565.

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30.  Ross DS, Burch HB, Cooper DS, et al. 2016 American Thyroid Association guidelines for diagnosis and management of hyperthyroidism and other causes of thyrotoxicosis. Thyroid. 2016 Aug 12 [Epub ahead of print].

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31.  Woeber KA. Thyrotoxicosis and the heart. N Engl J Med. 1992;327:94-98.

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32.  Geffner DL, Hershman JM. Beta-adrenergic blockade for the treatment of hyperthyroidism. Am J Med. 1992;93:61-68.

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33.  Stuckey BG, Kent GN, Allen JR. The biochemical and clinical course of postpartum thyroid dysfunction: the treatment decision. Clin Endocrinol (Oxf). 2001;54:377-383.

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34.  Stagnaro-Green A, Schwartz A, Gismondi R, et al. High rate of persistent hypothyroidism in a large-scale prospective study of postpartum thyroiditis in Southern Italy. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2011;96:652-657.

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35.  Nikolai TF, Coombs GJ, McKenzie AK. Lymphocytic thyroiditis with spontaneously resolving hyperthyroidism and subacute thyroiditis: long-term follow-up. Arch Intern Med. 1981;141:1455-1458.

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36.  Duick DS. Management of thyrotoxicosis with a low radioactive iodine uptake. Arch Intern Med. 1980;140:469.

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37.  Ohye H. Recurrent severe painless thyroiditis requiring multiple treatments with radioactive iodine. Thyroid. 2008;18:1231-1232.

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38.  Nordin H, Galloe AM, Ladefoged SD, et al. The effects of propranolol and verapamil on hyperthyroid heart symptoms and function, assessed by systolic time intervals. Acta Endocrinol (Copenh). 1993;128:297-300.

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39.  Muller AF, Drexhage HA, Berghout A. Postpartum thyroiditis and autoimmune thyroiditis in women of childbearing age: recent insights and consequences for antenatal and postnatal care. Endocr Rev. 2001;22:605-630.

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40.  Premawardhana LD, Parkes AB, Ammari F, et al. Postpartum thyroiditis and long-term thyroid status: prognostic influence of thyroid peroxidase antibodies and ultrasound echogenicity. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2000;85:71-75.

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41.  Stuckey BG, Kent GN, Ward LC, et al. Postpartum thyroid dysfunction and the long-term risk of hypothyroidism: results from a 12-year follow-up study of women with and without posrpartum thyroid dysfunction. Clin Endocrinol (Oxf). 2010;73:389-395.

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42.  Frost L, Vestergaard P, Mosekilde L. Hyperthyroidism and the risk of atrial fibrillation or flutter: a population-based study. Arch Intern Med. 2004;164:1675-1678.

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