减少使用非甾体抗炎药 (NSAID) 和减少饮酒可以降低糜烂性胃炎的发生率及严重程度。[22]Lanza FL, Chan FK, Quigley EM, et al. Guidelines for prevention of NSAID-related ulcer complications. Am J Gastroenterol. 2009;104:728-738.http://s3.gi.org/physicians/guidelines/NSAIDJournalPublicationFebruary2009.pdfhttp://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19240698?tool=bestpractice.com 增加患者出现 NSAID 相关胃肠道 (GI) 并发症风险的已知因素包括:消化道事件的既往病史(消化性溃疡、出血)、年龄>60岁、使用大剂量 NSAID,以及同时使用皮质类固醇或抗凝药物。建议谨慎使用非甾体抗炎药,并仔细监测这些患者。[22]Lanza FL, Chan FK, Quigley EM, et al. Guidelines for prevention of NSAID-related ulcer complications. Am J Gastroenterol. 2009;104:728-738.http://s3.gi.org/physicians/guidelines/NSAIDJournalPublicationFebruary2009.pdfhttp://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19240698?tool=bestpractice.com 危重患者有发生应激性消化道出血的风险。[9]Martindale RG. Contemporary strategies for the prevention of stress-related mucosal bleeding. Am J Health Syst Pharm. 2005;62(suppl 2):S11-S17.http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15905595?tool=bestpractice.com 应激性胃肠道出血的主要危险因素包括机械通气时间>48 小时和存在凝血障碍。[9]Martindale RG. Contemporary strategies for the prevention of stress-related mucosal bleeding. Am J Health Syst Pharm. 2005;62(suppl 2):S11-S17.http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15905595?tool=bestpractice.com 对于有风险的患者,已证实使用 H₂ 受体拮抗剂或质子泵抑制剂进行预防性治疗有效。[22]Lanza FL, Chan FK, Quigley EM, et al. Guidelines for prevention of NSAID-related ulcer complications. Am J Gastroenterol. 2009;104:728-738.http://s3.gi.org/physicians/guidelines/NSAIDJournalPublicationFebruary2009.pdfhttp://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19240698?tool=bestpractice.com[30]Moayyedi PM, Lacy BE, Andrews CN et al. ACG and CAG Clinical Guideline: Management of Dyspepsia. Am J Gastroenterol. 2017;112(7):988-1013.https://www.nature.com/articles/ajg2017154http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28631728?tool=bestpractice.com使用硫糖铝或米索前列醇是预防有风险患者发生应激性胃黏膜溃疡的替代治疗。[9]Martindale RG. Contemporary strategies for the prevention of stress-related mucosal bleeding. Am J Health Syst Pharm. 2005;62(suppl 2):S11-S17.http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15905595?tool=bestpractice.com[22]Lanza FL, Chan FK, Quigley EM, et al. Guidelines for prevention of NSAID-related ulcer complications. Am J Gastroenterol. 2009;104:728-738.http://s3.gi.org/physicians/guidelines/NSAIDJournalPublicationFebruary2009.pdfhttp://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19240698?tool=bestpractice.com
因恶性肿瘤或消化性溃疡接受胃部手术的患者,采用 Roux-en-Y 分支或同向蠕动空肠间置术可降低发生医源性胆汁反流性胃炎和食管胃损伤的风险。[5]Bondurant FJ, Maull KI, Nelson HS Jr, et al. Bile reflux gastritis. South Med J. 1987;80:161-165.http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/3810208?tool=bestpractice.com[8]McAlhany JC Jr, Hanover TM, Taylor SM, et al. Long-term follow-up of patients with Roux-en-Y gastrojejunostomy for gastric disease. Ann Surg. 1994;219:451-455.http://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/picrender.fcgi?artid=1243166&blobtype=pdfhttp://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8185395?tool=bestpractice.com