使用免疫抑制剂(如激素);免疫抑制状态(如感染HIV);移植受体;患有风湿结缔组织疾病,[28]Huang CF, Chen PL, Liu MF, et al. Nontyphoidal Salmonella bacteremia in patients with connective tissue diseases. J Microbiol Immunol Infect. 2012;45:350-355.http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22571997?tool=bestpractice.com恶性肿瘤,或网状内皮系统封闭(镰状细胞病)的患者风险增加。
患有AIDS的患者风险非常高(与免疫功能正常患者相比风险最高达100倍)。[29]Hohmann EL. Nontyphoidal salmonellosis. Clin Infect Dis. 2001;32:263-269.https://cid.oxfordjournals.org/content/32/2/263.full.pdf+htmlhttp://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11170916?tool=bestpractice.com[30]Pegues DA, Miller SI. Salmonella species, including Salmonella Typhi. In: Mandell, Douglas, and Bennett's principles and practice of infectious diseases. 7th ed. Philadelphia, PA: Churchill Livingstone; 2010:2887-2903.[31]Celum CL, Chaisson RE, Rutherford GW, et al. Incidence of salmonellosis in patients with AIDS. J Infect Dis. 1987;156:998-1002.http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/3680999?tool=bestpractice.com
镰状细胞病经常与沙门氏菌引起的关节或骨感染有关。
使用抗TNFα治疗可能导致严重播散性疾病,但不一定增加沙门氏菌的发病率。[32]Peña-Sagredo JL, Fariñas MC, Perez-Zafrilla B, et al. Non-typhi Salmonella infection in patients with rheumatic diseases on TNF-alpha antagonist therapy. Clin Exp Rheumatol. 2009;27:920-925.http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20149306?tool=bestpractice.com