尚无相关指南推荐钴胺素或铁缺乏引起的贫血患者专门筛查胃酸缺乏。但是,如果胃酸缺乏症的病因不明,可考虑对泌酸黏膜(胃基底和胃体)进行食管胃十二指肠镜检查与活检以确定或排除萎缩性胃炎这一病因。
虽然胃酸缺乏患者(特别是存在广泛的肠上皮化生的那些患者)的胃癌风险有所增加,但不建议无症状患者筛查胃酸缺乏、萎缩性胃炎或自身免疫性胃炎。对胃萎缩患者进行监测性内窥镜检查的有利之处尚未明确。[124]ASGE Standards of Practice Committee, Evans JA, Chandrasekhara V, et al. The role of endoscopy in the management of premalignant and malignant conditions of the stomach. Gastrointest Endosc. 2015;82:1-8.http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25935705?tool=bestpractice.com但是,欧洲指南建议考虑对胃窦和胃体具有显著萎缩的患者予以监测,并且国际京都指南建议,依据萎缩的范围和严重程度,对患者提供内窥镜监测。[125]Hirota WK, Zuckerman MJ, Adler DG, et al. ASGE guideline: the role of endoscopy in the surveillance of premalignant conditions of the upper GI tract. Gastrointest Endosc. 2006;63:570-580.http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16564854?tool=bestpractice.com[126]Dinis-Ribeiro M, Areia M, de Vries AC, et al. Management of precancerous conditions and lesions in the stomach (MAPS): guideline from the European Society of Gastrointestinal Endoscopy (ESGE), European Helicobacter Study Group (EHSG), European Society of Pathology (ESP), and the Sociedade Portuguesa de Endoscopia Digestiva (SPED). Endoscopy. 2012;44:74-94.http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3367502/http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22198778?tool=bestpractice.com[127]Sugano K, Tack J, Kuipers EJ, et al. Kyoto global consensus report on Helicobacter pylori gastritis. Gut. 2015;64:1353-1367.http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4552923/http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26187502?tool=bestpractice.com