胃部 MALT 淋巴瘤与慢性幽门螺杆菌感染相关,其中 90% 的病例检测有幽门螺杆菌感染。[7]Kahl B, Yang D. Marginal zone lymphomas: management of nodal, splenic, and MALT NHL. Haematology Am Soc Hematol Educ Program. 2008;359-364.http://asheducationbook.hematologylibrary.org/cgi/content/full/2008/1/359http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19074110?tool=bestpractice.com自身免疫性疾病与非胃部 MALT 淋巴瘤之间有密切关系。淋巴上皮唾液腺炎与腮腺 MALT 淋巴瘤相关,桥本氏甲状腺炎患者的甲状腺 MALT 淋巴瘤发病率较高。[13]Diss TC, Wotherspoon AC, Speight P, et al. B-cell monoclonality, Epstein Barr virus and t(14;18) in myoepithelial sialadenitis and low-grade B-cell MALT lymphoma of the parotid gland. Am J Surg Pathol. 1995;19:531-536.http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7726362?tool=bestpractice.com[14]Ansell SM, Grant CS, Habermann TM. Primary thyroid lymphoma. Semin Oncol. 1999;26:316-323.http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10375088?tool=bestpractice.com而且,Sjogren 综合征与唾液腺和肺部 MALT 淋巴瘤相关,而类风湿性关节炎与肺部 MALT 淋巴瘤相关。[15]Kassan SS, Thomas TL, Moutsopoulos HM, et al. Increased risk of lymphoma in sicca syndrome. Ann Intern Med. 1978;89:888-892.http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/102228?tool=bestpractice.com[16]Talan N, Sokoloff L, Barth WF. Extrasalivary lymphoid abnormalities in Sjogren's syndrome (reticulum cell sarcoma, "pseudolymphoma," macroglobulinemia). Am J Med. 1967;43:50-65.http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/5006437?tool=bestpractice.com此外,非胃部 MALT 淋巴瘤与以下慢性感染相关:
鹦鹉热衣原体感染见于部分眼附属器 MALT 淋巴瘤病例[17]Cerroni L, Zochling N, Putz B, et al. Infection by Borrelia burgdorferi and cutaneous B-cell lymphoma. J Cutan Pathol. 1997;24:457-461.http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9331890?tool=bestpractice.com
空肠弯曲菌感染见于免疫增生性小肠病病例[18]Ferreri AJ, Ponzoni M, Guidoboni M, et al. Bacteria-eradicating therapy with doxycycline in ocular adnexal MALT lymphoma: a multicenter prospective trial. J Natl Cancer Inst. 2006;98:1375-1382.http://jnci.oxfordjournals.org/cgi/content/full/98/19/1375http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17018784?tool=bestpractice.com
伯氏疏螺旋体感染见于皮肤 MALT 淋巴瘤[19]Lecuit M, Abachin E, Martin A, et al. Immunoproliferative small intestinal disease associated with Campylobacter jejuni. N Engl J Med. 2004;350:239-248.http://content.nejm.org/cgi/content/full/350/3/239http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/14724303?tool=bestpractice.com
丙型肝炎病毒感染[20]Luppi M, Longo G, Ferrari MG, et al. Additional neoplasms and HCV infection in low-grade lymphoma of MALT type. Br J Haematol. 1996;94:373-375.http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8759899?tool=bestpractice.com[21]Ascoli V, Lo Coco F, Artini M, et al. Extranodal lymphomas associated with hepatitis C virus infection. Am J Clin Pathol. 1998;109:600-609.http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9576580?tool=bestpractice.com[22]Zucca E, Roggero E, Maggi-Solca N, et al. Prevalence of Helicobacter pylori and hepatitis C virus infections among non-Hodgkin's lymphoma patients in Southern Switzerland. Haematologica. 2000;85:147-153.http://www.haematologica.org/cgi/reprint/85/2/147http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10681721?tool=bestpractice.com
HIV 感染,经证明在 MALT 淋巴瘤的生成中可能起作用。[23]Girard T, Luquet-Besson I, Baran-Marszak F, et al. HIV+ MALT lymphoma remission induced by highly active antiretroviral therapy alone. Eur J Haematol. 2005;74:70-72.http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15613110?tool=bestpractice.com
需要注意的是,其他MALT 淋巴瘤亚型,如眼眶、硬脑膜、皮肤结外边缘带淋巴瘤并不是粘膜相关的。[8]Isaacson PG. Gastric MALT lymphoma: from concept to cure. Ann Oncol. 1999;10:637-645.http://annonc.oxfordjournals.org/cgi/reprint/10/6/637http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10442184?tool=bestpractice.com