华氏巨球蛋白血症 (WM) 是一种无法治愈的慢性疾病。有症状患者的中位生存期约为 55 个月。[27]Vitolo U, Ferreri AJ, Montoto S. Lymphoplasmacytic lymphoma-Waldenström's macroglobulinemia. Crit Rev Oncol Hematol. 2008;67:172-185.http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18499469?tool=bestpractice.com由于 WM 的发病年龄较大,50% 的患者并非死于 WM。[22]Vijay A, Gertz MA. Waldenström macroglobulinemia. Blood. 2007;109:5096-5103.http://bloodjournal.org/content/109/12/5096.fullhttp://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17303694?tool=bestpractice.com存活取决于与疾病负担、患者年龄和合并症相关的很多因素。为了量化这些因素,制定了华氏巨球蛋白血症国际预后评分系统 (International Prognostic Scoring System for Waldenström's Macroglobulinaemia, IPSSWM)。[64]Morel P, Duhamel A, Gobbi P, et al. International prognostic scoring system for Waldenström macroglobulinemia. Blood. 2009;113:4163-4170.http://bloodjournal.org/content/113/18/4163.fullhttp://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19196866?tool=bestpractice.com根据 IPSSWM,以下为不利预后因素:
具体而言,低危患者、中危患者和高危患者的 5 年生存率分别为 87%、68% 和 36%。[64]Morel P, Duhamel A, Gobbi P, et al. International prognostic scoring system for Waldenström macroglobulinemia. Blood. 2009;113:4163-4170.http://bloodjournal.org/content/113/18/4163.fullhttp://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19196866?tool=bestpractice.com这些患者的分组如下:[36]Dimopoulos MA, Gertz MA, Kastritis E, et al. Update on treatment recommendations from the Fourth International Workshop on Waldenstrom's macroglobulinemia. J Clin Oncol. 2009;27:120-126.http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19047284?tool=bestpractice.com
此外,血清乳酸脱氢酶 (Lactate Dehydrogenase, LDH) 水平升高可能出现更差的治疗效果。[65]Kastritis E, Zervas K, Repoussis P, et al. Prognostication in young and old patients with Waldenstrom's macroglobulinemia: importance of the International Prognostic Scoring System and of serum lactate dehydrogenase. Clin Lymphoma Myeloma. 2009;9:50-52.http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19362972?tool=bestpractice.com新的治疗方法(如单克隆抗体和蛋白酶体抑制剂,单药治疗或联合治疗)能否显著改善预后,仍有待观察。