能够导致疾病的接种物取决于患者的免疫学情况以及取决于胃酸化能力。[1]Mylonakis E, Hofmann EL, Calderwood SB. Central nervous system infection with Listeria monocytogenes. 33 years' experience at a general hospital and review of 776 episodes from the literature. Medicine (Baltimore). 1998 Sep;77(5):313-36.http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9772921?tool=bestpractice.com[3]Filice GA, Cantrell HF, Smith AB, et al. Listeria monocytogenes infection in neonates: investigation of an epidemic. J Infect Dis. 1978 Jul;138(1):17-23.http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/98594?tool=bestpractice.com 由于细胞免疫相对受损以及胃酸化不足,免疫受损或老年人群、孕妇和新生儿更加易感。是由致敏淋巴细胞产生的对李斯特菌病的免疫力和抵抗力,而不是由血清特异性抗体产生的。这种机制使得艾滋病(尤其是 CD4 <100/mm³ 时)、血液恶性肿瘤或接受化疗的患者中李斯特菌病病例增加。[1]Mylonakis E, Hofmann EL, Calderwood SB. Central nervous system infection with Listeria monocytogenes. 33 years' experience at a general hospital and review of 776 episodes from the literature. Medicine (Baltimore). 1998 Sep;77(5):313-36.http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9772921?tool=bestpractice.com[18]Ascher NL, Simmons RL, Marker S, et al. Listeria infection in transplant patients. Five cases and a review of the literature. Arch Surg. 1978 Jan;113(1):90-4.http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/339878?tool=bestpractice.com[19]Berenguer J, Solera J, Diaz MD, et al. Listeriosis in patients infected with human immunodeficiency virus. Rev Infect Dis. 1991 Jan-Feb;13(1):115-9.http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2017609?tool=bestpractice.com 潜伏期范围为 10 至 70 天。病原体的毒力还决定了临床疾病的严重性,并且与特异性血清型相关。在李斯特菌流行期间还发现了多种血清型。
李斯特菌是一种细胞内病原菌,能够利用宿主细胞的营养物质进行分裂,并可能通过在细胞间的转移而逃避免疫系统的攻击。铁是细菌代谢和生长所必需的;因此在铁超负荷状态(这也是免疫功能低下的一种形式)可以观察到感染。[5]Lorber B. Listeriosis. Clin Infect Dis. 1997 Jan;24(1):1-9.http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8994747?tool=bestpractice.com[34]Schwartz B, Hexter D, Broome CV, et al. Investigation of an outbreak of listeriosis: new hypotheses for the etiology of epidemic Listeria monocytogenes infections. J Infect Dis. 1989 Apr;159(4):680-5.http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2494267?tool=bestpractice.com[36]Appleman MD, Cherubin CE, Heseltine PN, et al. Susceptibility testing of Listeria monocytogenes: a reassessment of bactericidal activity as a predictor for clinical outcome. Diagn Microbiol Infect Dis. 1991 Jul-Aug;14(4):311-7.http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/1909614?tool=bestpractice.com 李斯特菌可通过血液循环累及每个器官,但最常见的是累及中枢神经系统和胎盘。[1]Mylonakis E, Hofmann EL, Calderwood SB. Central nervous system infection with Listeria monocytogenes. 33 years' experience at a general hospital and review of 776 episodes from the literature. Medicine (Baltimore). 1998 Sep;77(5):313-36.http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9772921?tool=bestpractice.com[2]Mylonakis E, Paliou M, Hofmann EL, et al. Listeriosis during pregnancy: a case series and review of 222 cases. Medicine (Baltimore). 2002 Jul;81(4):260-9.http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12169881?tool=bestpractice.com