案例
一名 65 岁的男性在 2 至 3 天期间出现精神状态改变、头痛、发热、嗜睡增加。该名男性有系统性红斑狼疮病史,正在每天服用泼尼松 20 mg。患者家属报告,他有短暂的胃肠道疾病且伴有腹泻,在入院前 10 天已经消退。他们认为他的疾病与吃软乳酪和冷切肉有关。住院时,患者的格拉斯哥昏迷评分为 5/15,颈项强直,发热 38.5°C (101.3°F)。
其他表现
在免疫受损患者、孕妇和新生儿中,菌血症和脓毒症是李斯特菌病更常见的表现。[1]Mylonakis E, Hofmann EL, Calderwood SB. Central nervous system infection with Listeria monocytogenes. 33 years' experience at a general hospital and review of 776 episodes from the literature. Medicine (Baltimore). 1998 Sep;77(5):313-36.http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9772921?tool=bestpractice.com[2]Mylonakis E, Paliou M, Hofmann EL, et al. Listeriosis during pregnancy: a case series and review of 222 cases. Medicine (Baltimore). 2002 Jul;81(4):260-9.http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12169881?tool=bestpractice.com[3]Filice GA, Cantrell HF, Smith AB, et al. Listeria monocytogenes infection in neonates: investigation of an epidemic. J Infect Dis. 1978 Jul;138(1):17-23.http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/98594?tool=bestpractice.com[4]Gorse GJ, Thrupp LD, Nudleman KL, et al. Bacterial meningitis in the elderly. Arch Intern Med. 1984 Aug;144(8):1603-7.http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6466018?tool=bestpractice.com 感染能够导致局限性表现,例如脾脓肿、肾脓肿和肝脓肿;关节炎;结膜炎;和皮肤病。[1]Mylonakis E, Hofmann EL, Calderwood SB. Central nervous system infection with Listeria monocytogenes. 33 years' experience at a general hospital and review of 776 episodes from the literature. Medicine (Baltimore). 1998 Sep;77(5):313-36.http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9772921?tool=bestpractice.com[2]Mylonakis E, Paliou M, Hofmann EL, et al. Listeriosis during pregnancy: a case series and review of 222 cases. Medicine (Baltimore). 2002 Jul;81(4):260-9.http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12169881?tool=bestpractice.com[5]Lorber B. Listeriosis. Clin Infect Dis. 1997 Jan;24(1):1-9.http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8994747?tool=bestpractice.com 中枢神经系统感染可能导致脑脓肿、颅神经麻痹、癫痫发作、运动障碍、脑干脑炎(健康成人中的脑干脑炎)。[1]Mylonakis E, Hofmann EL, Calderwood SB. Central nervous system infection with Listeria monocytogenes. 33 years' experience at a general hospital and review of 776 episodes from the literature. Medicine (Baltimore). 1998 Sep;77(5):313-36.http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9772921?tool=bestpractice.com[6]Armstrong RW, Fung PC. Brainstem encephalitis (rhombencephalitis) due to Listeria monocytogenes: case report and review. Clin Infect Dis. 1993 May;16(5):689-702.http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8507761?tool=bestpractice.com[7]Bannister BA. Listeria monocytogenes meningitis associated with eating soft cheese. J Infect. 1987 Sep;15(2):165-8.http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/3117894?tool=bestpractice.com[8]Bolan G, Barza M. Acute bacterial meningitis in children and adults. A perspective. Med Clin North Am. 1985 Mar;69(2):231-41.http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/3990432?tool=bestpractice.com 菌血症可能累及自体或人工瓣膜。李斯特菌病常见于各个孕期的孕妇,可能表现为流感样疾病。[2]Mylonakis E, Paliou M, Hofmann EL, et al. Listeriosis during pregnancy: a case series and review of 222 cases. Medicine (Baltimore). 2002 Jul;81(4):260-9.http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12169881?tool=bestpractice.com 有趣的是,尽管菌血症相对常见于孕妇,但中枢神经系统累及相对不常见。 李斯特菌病还与流产发生率增加相关。[4]Gorse GJ, Thrupp LD, Nudleman KL, et al. Bacterial meningitis in the elderly. Arch Intern Med. 1984 Aug;144(8):1603-7.http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6466018?tool=bestpractice.com 婴儿脓毒性肉芽肿病导致的脓毒性流产(经胎盘传播和播散性微小脓肿)是一种严重的并发症。[4]Gorse GJ, Thrupp LD, Nudleman KL, et al. Bacterial meningitis in the elderly. Arch Intern Med. 1984 Aug;144(8):1603-7.http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6466018?tool=bestpractice.com 新生儿可能表现为轻微征象,无发热。[2]Mylonakis E, Paliou M, Hofmann EL, et al. Listeriosis during pregnancy: a case series and review of 222 cases. Medicine (Baltimore). 2002 Jul;81(4):260-9.http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12169881?tool=bestpractice.com[4]Gorse GJ, Thrupp LD, Nudleman KL, et al. Bacterial meningitis in the elderly. Arch Intern Med. 1984 Aug;144(8):1603-7.http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6466018?tool=bestpractice.com 腹泻、恶心、呕吐等胃肠道症状加上发热可能产生食物污染导致的发热性胃肠炎的临床情况。本病可能为散发性,也可能为流行性。[9]Schuchat A, Deaver K, Hayes PS, et al. Gastrointestinal carriage of Listeria monocytogenes in household contacts of patients with listeriosis. J Infect Dis. 1993 May;167(5):1261-2.http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8486970?tool=bestpractice.com 如果未经治疗,李斯特菌病可能导致弥散性血管内凝血、多器官功能障碍、休克和死亡。[1]Mylonakis E, Hofmann EL, Calderwood SB. Central nervous system infection with Listeria monocytogenes. 33 years' experience at a general hospital and review of 776 episodes from the literature. Medicine (Baltimore). 1998 Sep;77(5):313-36.http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9772921?tool=bestpractice.com