李斯特菌病是一种食源性感染,可零星发生或流行发生。 与李斯特菌病相关的每种综合征有其自身的预后,由患者的免疫状态和并存的健康问题决定。[1]Mylonakis E, Hofmann EL, Calderwood SB. Central nervous system infection with Listeria monocytogenes. 33 years' experience at a general hospital and review of 776 episodes from the literature. Medicine (Baltimore). 1998 Sep;77(5):313-36.http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9772921?tool=bestpractice.com[13]Pinner RW, Schuchat A, Swaminathan B, et al. Role of foods in sporadic listeriosis. II. Microbiologic and epidemiologic investigation. The Listeria Study Group. JAMA. 1992 Apr 15;267(15):2046-50.http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/1552640?tool=bestpractice.com[34]Schwartz B, Hexter D, Broome CV, et al. Investigation of an outbreak of listeriosis: new hypotheses for the etiology of epidemic Listeria monocytogenes infections. J Infect Dis. 1989 Apr;159(4):680-5.http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2494267?tool=bestpractice.com[47]Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Listeria (listeriosis). Oct 2018 [internet publication].https://www.cdc.gov/listeria/index.html
胃肠炎通常是自限性的。在细菌性脑膜炎中,中枢神经系统 (CNS) 感染的死亡率最高。在重度免疫抑制患者中,脑膜炎是最危险的感染表现,死亡率可达到 55%。大约 1/3 的患者出现某些程度的残余神经系统并发症。[1]Mylonakis E, Hofmann EL, Calderwood SB. Central nervous system infection with Listeria monocytogenes. 33 years' experience at a general hospital and review of 776 episodes from the literature. Medicine (Baltimore). 1998 Sep;77(5):313-36.http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9772921?tool=bestpractice.com 脑脓肿使 10% 的中枢神经系统感染变复杂,在免疫受损患者中更常见。癫痫发作是高死亡率的一个预后指征。
大约 20% 的受感染孕妇发生脓毒性流产或死产。患有李斯特菌病的孕妇所产新生儿中,有 75% 伴有临床新生儿李斯特菌感染。[1]Mylonakis E, Hofmann EL, Calderwood SB. Central nervous system infection with Listeria monocytogenes. 33 years' experience at a general hospital and review of 776 episodes from the literature. Medicine (Baltimore). 1998 Sep;77(5):313-36.http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9772921?tool=bestpractice.com[2]Mylonakis E, Paliou M, Hofmann EL, et al. Listeriosis during pregnancy: a case series and review of 222 cases. Medicine (Baltimore). 2002 Jul;81(4):260-9.http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12169881?tool=bestpractice.com