Haas M, Meehan SM, Karrison TG, et al. Changing etiologies of unexplained adult nephrotic syndrome: a comparison of renal biopsy findings from 1976-1979 and 1995-1997. Am J Kidney Dis. 1997;30:621-631.
Cattran DC. Idiopathic membranous glomerulonephritis. Kidney Int. 2001;59:1983-1994.
Peterson JC, Adler S, Burkart JM, et al. Blood pressure control, proteinuria, and the progression of renal disease. The Modification of Diet in Renal Disease Study. Ann Intern Med. 1995;123:754-762.
Kidney Disease: Improving Global Outcomes (KDIGO) Glomerulonephritis Work Group. KDIGO clinical practice guideline for glomerulonephritis. Kidney Int. 2012;2(suppl):139-274.
Chen Y, Schieppati A, Cai G, et al. Immunosuppression for membranous nephropathy: a systematic review and meta-analysis of 36 clinical trials. Clin J Am Soc Nephrol. 2013;8:787-796.
Chen Y, Schieppati A, Chen X, et al. Immunosuppressive treatment for idiopathic membranous nephropathy in adults with nephrotic syndrome. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2014;(10):CD004293.
Torres A, Dominguez-Gil B, Carreno A, et al. Conservative versus immunosuppressive treatment of patients with idiopathic membranous nephropathy. Kidney Int. 2002;61:219-227.
1. Haas M, Meehan SM, Karrison TG, et al. Changing etiologies of unexplained adult nephrotic syndrome: a comparison of renal biopsy findings from 1976-1979 and 1995-1997. Am J Kidney Dis. 1997;30:621-631.
2. Swaminathan SL, Leung N, Lager DJ, et al. Changing incidence of glomerular disease in Olmsted County, Minnesota: a 30-year renal biopsy study. Clin J Am Soc Nephrol. 2006;1:483-487.
3. Chen A, Frank R, Vento S, et al. Idiopathic membranous nephropathy in pediatric patients: presentation, response to therapy, and long-term outcome. BMC Nephrol. 2007;8:11.
4. Cattran DC. Idiopathic membranous glomerulonephritis. Kidney Int. 2001;59:1983-1994.
5. Ehrenreich T, Porush JG, Churg J, et al. Treatment of idiopathic membranous nephropathy. N Engl J Med. 1976;295:741-746.
6. Cahen R, Francois B, Trolliet P, et al. Aetiology of membranous glomerulonephritis: a prospective study of 82 adult patients. Nephrol Dial Transplant. 1989;4:172-180.
7. Heymann W, Hackel DB, Harwood S, et al. Production of nephrotic syndrome in rats by Freund's adjuvants and rat kidney suspension. Proc Soc Exp Biol Med. 1959;100:660-664.
8. Debiec H, Guigonis V, Mougenot M, et al. Antenatal membranous glomerulonephritis due to anti-neutral endopeptidase antibodies. N Engl J Med. 2002;346:2053-2060.
9. Ronco P, Debiec H. Molecular pathomechanisms of membranous nephropathy: from Heymann nephritis to alloimmunization. J Am Soc Nephrol. 2005;16:1205-1213.
10. Beck LH Jr, Bonegio RG, Lambeau G, et al. M-type phospholipase A2 receptor as target antigen in idiopathic membranous nephropathy. N Engl J Med. 2009;361:11-21.
11. Qin W, Beck LH Jr, Zeng C, et al. Anti-phospholipase A2 receptor antibody in membranous nephropathy. J Am Soc Nephrol. 2011;22:1137-1143.
12. Iwakura T, Ohashi N, Kato A, et al. Prevalence of enhanced granular expression of thrombospondin type-1 domain-containing 7A in the glomeruli of Japanese patients with idiopathic membranous nephropathy. PLoS One. 2015;10:e0138841.
13. Reichert LJ, Koene RA, Wetzels JF. Prognostic factors in idiopathic membranous nephropathy. Am J Kidney Dis. 1998;31:1-11.
14. Mok CC. Membranous nephropathy in systemic lupus erythematosus: a therapeutic enigma. Nat Rev Nephrol. 2009;5:212-220.
15. Johnson RJ, Couser WG. Hepatitis B infection and renal disease: clinical, immunopathogenetic and therapeutic considerations. Kidney Int. 1990;37:663-676.
16. Johnson RJ, Gretch DR, Yamabe H, et al. Membranoproliferative glomerulonephritis associated with hepatitis C virus infection. N Engl J Med. 1993;328:465-470.
17. Ronco PM. Paraneoplastic glomerulopathies: new insights into an old entity. Kidney Int. 1999;56:355-377.
18. Radford MG Jr, Holley KE, Grande JP, et al. Reversible membranous nephropathy associated with the use of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs. JAMA. 1996;276:466-469.
19. Katz WA, Blodgett RC Jr, Pietrusko RG. Proteinuria in gold-treated rheumatoid arthritis. Ann Intern Med. 1984;101:176-179.
20. Hall CL, Jawad S, Harrison PR, et al. Natural course of penicillamine nephropathy: a long term study of 33 patients. Br Med J (Clin Res Ed). 1988;296:1083-1086.
21. Taylor RG, Fisher C, Hoffbrand BI. Sarcoidosis and membranous glomerulonephritis: a significant association. Br Med J (Clin Res Ed). 1982;284:1297-1298.
22. Steinmuller DR, Stilmant MM, Idelson BA, et al. De novo development of membranous nephropathy in cadaver renal allografts. Clin Nephrol. 1978;9:210-218.
23. Tomas NM, Beck LH Jr, Meyer-Schwesinger C, et al. Thrombospondin type-1 domain-containing 7A in idiopathic membranous nephropathy. N Engl J Med. 2014 Nov 13;371(24):2277-2287.
24. Ehrenreich T, Churg J. Pathology of membranous nephropathy. Pathol Annu. 1968;3:145-186.
25. Glassock RJ. Secondary membranous glomerulonephritis. Neprol Dial Transplant. 1992;7(suppl 1):64-71.
26. Cattran DC, Pei Y, Greenwood CM, et al. Validation of a predictive model of idiopathic membranous nephropathy: its clinical and research implications. Kidney Int. 1997;51:901-907.
27. Cattran D. Management of membranous nephropathy: when and what for treatment. J Am Soc Nephrol. 2005;16:1188-1194.
28. Giordano M, De Feo P, Lucidi P, et al. Effects of dietary protein restriction on fibrinogen and albumin metabolism in nephrotic patients. Kidney Int. 2001;60:235-242.
29. Peterson JC, Adler S, Burkart JM, et al. Blood pressure control, proteinuria, and the progression of renal disease. The Modification of Diet in Renal Disease Study. Ann Intern Med. 1995;123:754-762.
30. Gansevoort RT, Heeg JE, Vriesendorp R, et al. Antiproteinuric drugs in patients with idiopathic membranous glomerulopathy. Nephrol Dial Transplant. 1992;7(suppl 1):91-96.
31. Ruggenenti P, Mosconi L, Vendramin G, et al. ACE inhibition improves glomerular size selectivity in patients with idiopathic membranous nephropathy and persistent nephrotic syndrome. Am J Kidney Dis. 2000;35:381-391.
32. Fried LF, Orchard TJ, Kasiske BL. Effect of lipid reduction on the progression of renal disease: a meta-analysis. Kidney Int. 2001;59:260-269.
33. Bianchi S, Bigazzi R, Caiazza A, et al. A controlled, prospective study of the effects of atorvastatin on proteinuria and progression of kidney disease. Am J Kidney Dis. 2003;41:565-570. [Erratum in: Am J Kidney Dis. 2004;43:193.]
34. Kidney Disease: Improving Global Outcomes (KDIGO) Glomerulonephritis Work Group. KDIGO clinical practice guideline for glomerulonephritis. Kidney Int. 2012;2(suppl):139-274.
35. Ren S, Wang Y, Xian L, et al. Comparative effectiveness and tolerance of immunosuppressive treatments for idiopathic membranous nephropathy: A network meta-analysis. PLoS One. 2017 Sep 12;12(9):e0184398.
36. Chen Y, Schieppati A, Cai G, et al. Immunosuppression for membranous nephropathy: a systematic review and meta-analysis of 36 clinical trials. Clin J Am Soc Nephrol. 2013;8:787-796.
37. Chen Y, Schieppati A, Chen X, et al. Immunosuppressive treatment for idiopathic membranous nephropathy in adults with nephrotic syndrome. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2014;(10):CD004293.
38. Ponticelli C, Zucchelli P, Passerini P, et al. A randomized trial of methylprednisolone and chlorambucil in idiopathic membranous nephropathy. N Engl J Med. 1989;320:8-13.
39. Ponticelli C, Zucchelli P, Passerini P, et al. A 10-year follow-up of a randomized study with methylprednisolone and chlorambucil in membranous nephropathy. Kidney Int. 1995;48:1600-1604.
40. Ponticelli C, Altieri P, Scolari F, et al. A randomized study comparing methylprednisolone plus chlorambucil versus methylprednisolone plus cyclophosphamide in idiopathic membranous nephropathy. J Am Soc Nephrol. 1998;9:444-450.
41. Torres A, Dominguez-Gil B, Carreno A, et al. Conservative versus immunosuppressive treatment of patients with idiopathic membranous nephropathy. Kidney Int. 2002;61:219-227.
42. Cattran DC, Delmore T, Roscoe J, et al. A randomized controlled trial of prednisone in patients with idiopathic membranous nephropathy. N Engl J Med. 1989;320:210-215.
43. Cattran DC, Appel GB, Hebert LA, et al; North America Nephrotic Syndrome Study Group. Cyclosporine in patients with steroid-resistant membranous nephropathy: a randomized trial. Kidney Int. 2001;59:1484-1490.
44. Meyrier A, Noel LH, Auriche P, et al. Long-term renal tolerance of cyclosporin A treatment in adult idiopathic nephrotic syndrome. Collaborative Group of the Societe de Nephrologie. Kidney Int. 1994;45:1446-1456.
45. Alexopoulos E, Papagianni A, Tsamelashvili M, et al. Induction and long-term treatment with cyclosporine in membranous nephropathy with the nephrotic syndrome. Nephrol Dial Transplant. 2006;21:3127-3132.
46. Cattran DC, Greenwood C, Ritchie S, et al; Canadian Glomerulonephritis Study Group. A controlled trial of cyclosporine in patients with progressive membranous nephropathy. Kidney Int. 1995;47:1130-1135.
47. Howman A, Chapman TL, Langdon MM, et al. Immunosuppression for progressive membranous nephropathy: a UK randomised controlled trial. Lancet. 2013;381:744-751.
48. Miller G, Zimmerman R 3rd, Radhakrishnan J, et al. Use of mycophenolate mofetil in resistant membranous nephropathy. Am J Kidney Dis. 2000;36:250-256.
49. Remuzzi G, Chiurchiu C, Abbate M, et al. Rituximab for idiopathic membranous nephropathy. Lancet. 2002;360:923-924. [Erratum in: Lancet. 2002;360:2090.]
50. Ruggenenti P, Chiurchiu C, Brusegan V, et al. Rituximab in idiopathic membranous nephropathy: a one-year prospective study. J Am Soc Nephrol. 2003;4:1851-1857.
51. Bomback AS, Derebail VK, McGregor JG, et al. Rituximab therapy for membranous nephropathy: a systematic review. Clin J Am Soc Nephrol. 2009;4:734-744.
52. NHS England. Clinical commissioning policy: Rituximab for the treatment of idiopathic membranous nephropathy in adults. Aug 2016 [internet publication].
53. Berg AL, Arnadottir M. ACTH-induced improvement in the nephrotic syndrome in patients with a variety of diagnoses. Nephrol Dial Transplant. 2004;19:1305-1307.
54. Berg AL, Nilsson-Ehle P, Arnadottir M. Beneficial effects of ACTH on the serum lipoprotein profile and glomerular function in patients with membranous nephropathy. Kidney Int. 1999;56:1534-1543.
55. Ponticelli C, Passerini P, Salvadori M, et al. A randomized pilot trial comparing methylprednisolone plus a cytotoxic agent versus synthetic adrenocorticotropic hormone in idiopathic membranous nephropathy. Am J Kidney Dis. 2006;47:233-240.
使用此内容应接受我们的免责声明。
BMJ临床实践的持续改进离不开您的帮助和反馈。如果您发现任何功能问题和内容错误,或您对BMJ临床实践有任何疑问或建议,请您扫描右侧二维码并根据页面指导填写您的反馈和联系信息*。一旦您的建议在我们核实后被采纳,您将会收到一份小礼品。
如果您有紧急问题需要我们帮助,请您联系我们。
邮箱:bmjchina.support@bmj.com
电话:+86 10 64100686-612
*您的联系信息仅会用于我们与您确认反馈信息和礼品事宜。
BMJ临床实践官方反馈平台