在无既往手术史的患者中,SBO 的终生患病率为 0.1% 至 5%,而在有既往手术史的患者中则高达 60%。[1]Hill AG. The management of adhesive small bowel obstruction - an update. Int J Surg. 2008 Feb;6(1):77-80.http://www.journal-surgery.net/article/S1743-9191(06)00188-9/fulltexthttp://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18359464?tool=bestpractice.com[2]Jeong WK, Lim SB, Choi HS, et al. Conservative management of adhesive small bowel obstructions in patients previously operated on for primary colorectal cancer. J Gastrointest Surg. 2008 May;12(5):926-32.http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18060466?tool=bestpractice.com[3]Attard JA, MacLean AR. Adhesive small bowel obstruction: epidemiology, biology and prevention. Can J Surg. 2007 Aug;50(4):291-300.http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2386166/http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17897517?tool=bestpractice.com 在克罗恩病患者中,发病率可能在 25% 以上。在儿童中,新生儿的发病率为 1/5000,而 2 岁以内儿童的发病率为 0.5%。[4]Tsao KJ, St Peter SD, Valusek PA, et al. Adhesive small bowel obstruction after appendectomy in children: comparison between the laparoscopic and open approach. J Pediatr Surg. 2007 Jun;42(6):939-42.http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17560198?tool=bestpractice.com[5]Duron JJ, Silva NJ, du Montcel ST, et al. Adhesive postoperative small bowel obstruction: incidence and risk factors of recurrence after surgical treatment: a multicenter prospective study. Ann Surg. 2006 Nov;244(5):750-7.http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1856591/http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17060768?tool=bestpractice.com
SBO 是并发症和死亡的一种主要原因,在未经治疗的患者中,该疾病可进展为肠坏死、穿孔、脓毒症和多器官衰竭,从而可导致死亡。