尽管没有有效方法预防腹部手术后腹腔内粘连(SBO 的最常见原因)的发生,但最佳的手术操作可使该情况发生的可能性降至最低。[9]Brüggmann D, Tchartchian G, Wallwiener M, et al. Intra-abdominal adhesions: definition, origin, significance in surgical practice, and treatment options. Dtsch Arztebl Int. 2010 Nov;107(44):769-75.http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2992017/http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21116396?tool=bestpractice.com 有很多药物旨在限制粘连的程度,[10]Kumar S, Wong PF, Leaper DJ. Intra-peritoneal prophylactic agents for preventing adhesions and adhesive intestinal obstruction after non-gynaecological abdominal surgery. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2009 Jan 21;(1):CD005080.https://www.cochranelibrary.com/cdsr/doi/10.1002/14651858.CD005080.pub2/fullhttp://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19160246?tool=bestpractice.com 但关于它们的有效性仍存在争议。诊断和纠正肠旋转不良可以有效避免肠扭转所致 SBO。[11]Petrovic B, Nikolaidis P, Hammond NA, et al. Identification of adhesions on CT in small-bowel obstruction. Emerg Radiol. 2006 Mar;12(3):88-93.http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16344971?tool=bestpractice.com 克罗恩病的治疗以及疝的手术纠正同样可以减少(肠梗阻)发生。与开放性结直肠手术相比,腹腔镜下结直肠手术的一个潜在优势在于能降低手术肠梗阻事件。一项 meta 分析显示,对结直肠疾病行腹腔镜手术能减少总体术后早期肠梗阻(包括回肠梗阻),还能减少接受癌症和憩室疾病手术亚组患者的早期肠梗阻。[6]Yamada T, Okabayashi K, Hasegawa H, et al. Meta-analysis of the risk of small bowel obstruction following open or laparoscopic colorectal surgery. Br J Surg. 2016 Apr;103(5):493-503.http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26898718?tool=bestpractice.com