对于无需手术封堵的小型 ASD 患者,其常规随访应包括症状评估,尤其是成人心律失常及反常性栓塞事件。应通过超声心动图评估肺动脉压、右心室功能以及残余心房分流。对于针对继发孔型房间隔缺损接受器械封堵术治疗的患者,应评估房性心律失常、胸痛或栓塞事件的症状。[24]Loomba RS, Chandrasekar S, Sanan P, et al. Association of atrial tachyarrhythmias with atrial septal defect, Ebstein's anomaly and Fontan patients. Expert Rev Cardiovasc Ther. 2011 Jul;9(7):887-93.http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21809970?tool=bestpractice.com 通常在 24 小时、1 个月、3 个月及 1 年时进行超声心动图检查。可选择性进行进一步监测。应留意封堵器放置、残余分流、血栓形成及心包积液。[15]Warnes CA, Williams RG, Bashore TM, et al. ACC/AHA 2008 guidelines for the management of adults with congenital heart disease: a report of the American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association Task Force on Practice Guidelines (Writing Committee to Develop Guidelines on the Management of Adults With Congenital Heart Disease). J Am Coll Cardiol. 2008 Dec 2;52(23):e143-263.http://www.onlinejacc.org/content/52/23/e143http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19038677?tool=bestpractice.com 术后发烧、胸痛或腹痛、呕吐及疲乏可提示心包积液或心脏填塞,应立即检查。器械封堵术后出现胸痛或晕厥可能是封堵器腐蚀所致,应立即检查。