BMJ Best Practice
最后审核时间: 十月 2018
最近更新时间: 一月 2018

小结

定义

病史和查体

关键诊断因素

  • 存在的危险因素
  • 慢性肾功能衰竭特征
  • 潜在吸收不良综合征特征

其他诊断因素

  • 肌肉痉挛和骨痛
  • 肌肉痉挛和骨痛
  • 口周麻刺感或手指或脚趾感觉异常
  • Chvostek 征

危险因素

  • 老化
  • 慢性肾功能衰竭
  • 维生素 D 缺乏:日晒不足
  • 营养性缺乏(尤其是膳食缺少乳制品和鱼)

诊断性检查

首要检查

  • 血清钙
  • 血清全甲状旁腺激素水平 (iPTH)
  • 血清肌酐
  • 血清尿素氮
全部具体信息

需要考虑的检查

  • 血清磷
  • 血清 25-羟基维生素 D
  • 血清镁
  • 颈部超声检查
全部具体信息

治疗流程

贡献者

Consultant Nephrologist

Honorary Senior Lecturer

Renal Medicine

Epsom & St Helier University Hospitals NHS Trust

UK

利益冲突披露
HG declares that he has no competing interests.

Clinical Research Fellow & Specialist Renal Registrar

Renal Medicine

Epsom & St Helier University Hospitals NHS Trust

UK

利益冲突披露
LR declares that she has no competing interests.

Dr Hugh Gallagher and Dr Louise Ross would like to gratefully acknowledge Dr Brendan C. Stack Jr, Dr David J.A. Goldsmith, and Dr Kiran Haresh Kumar Patel, previous contributors to this monograph. BCS, DJAG, and KHKP declare that they have no competing interests.

同行评议专家 查看所有

Department of Surgery

Chang Gung Memorial Hospital-Kaohsiung Medical Center

Chang Gung University College of Medicine

Kaohsiung Hsien

Taiwan

利益冲突披露
Not disclosed.

Clinical Associate Professor of Medicine

Uniformed Health Services University of the Health Sciences

Bethesda

MD

利益冲突披露
VS declares that he has no competing interests.

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