Rifamaxin
Rifamaxin是一种肠道病原体广谱非吸收性抗生素,在许多情况下可用于替代所推荐的药物。然而,它仅获批作为非侵袭性大肠杆菌感染的适应症。[30]Taylor DN, McKenzie R, Durbin A, et al. Rifaximin, a nonabsorbed oral antibiotic, prevents shigellosis after experimental challenge. Clin Infect Dis. 2006;42:1283-1288.http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16586388?tool=bestpractice.com
益生菌
益生菌可减轻急性感染性腹泻的症状和持续时间,但尚未确定理想的治疗方案。[31]Allen SJ, Martinez EG, Gregorio GV, et al. Probiotics for treating acute infectious diarrhoea. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2010;(11):CD003048.http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21069673?tool=bestpractice.com对于儿童菌痢患者,一项试验已经证明了干酪乳酸杆菌 GG 菌株可为抗生素治疗带来额外获益。[32]Sepp E, Tamm E, Torm S, et al. Impact of a Lactobacillus probiotic on the faecal microflora in children with shigellosis. Microecol Ther. 1995;23:74-80.