被感染的食品处理人员是志贺氏杆菌最可能的污染源。因此,基本的卫生措施,加上良好的个人卫生,有助于预防细菌性痢疾的传播,特别是在自然灾害期间的救助机构和营地中。[2]Gastrointestinal infections and food poisoning. In: Bannister BA, Gillespie SH, Jones J. Infection: microbiology and management. 3rd ed. Oxford, UK: Blackwell Publishing Ltd.; 2006:167-201.[11]World Health Organization. Guidelines for the control of shigellosis, including epidemics due to Shigella dysenteriae type 1. 2005. http://www.who.int/ (last accessed 22 April 2016).http://apps.who.int/iris/bitstream/10665/43252/1/924159330X.pdf应避免接触可能受到污染的食物或水。如果担心存在污染,应使用加氯消毒的水、煮沸的水或瓶装水,并且食物要煮熟。[2]Gastrointestinal infections and food poisoning. In: Bannister BA, Gillespie SH, Jones J. Infection: microbiology and management. 3rd ed. Oxford, UK: Blackwell Publishing Ltd.; 2006:167-201.[11]World Health Organization. Guidelines for the control of shigellosis, including epidemics due to Shigella dysenteriae type 1. 2005. http://www.who.int/ (last accessed 22 April 2016).http://apps.who.int/iris/bitstream/10665/43252/1/924159330X.pdf免疫接种尚不可用,且仍处于研发阶段。[15]Sansonetti PJ. Shigellosis: an old disease in new clothes? PLoS Med. 2006;3:e354.http://www.plosmedicine.org/article/info%3Adoi%2F10.1371%2Fjournal.pmed.0030354http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16968125?tool=bestpractice.com