1 型糖尿病占所有糖尿病患者的 5%-10%。据估计,全球有 1,106,500 名 0 至 19 岁的人患有 1 型糖尿病,且每年新增 132,600 人。[3]International Diabetes Federation. Diabetes atlas 8th edition. 2017 [internet publication].https://www.idf.org/our-activities/advocacy-awareness/resources-and-tools/134:idf-diabetes-atlas-8th-edition.html
2011 年至 2012 年,美国每年有超过 17,900 名不到 20 岁的患者被新诊断为 1 型糖尿病(每年新病例诊断率大约为 21/100,000)。[4]Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. National diabetes statistics report, 2017. July 2017 [internet publication].https://www.cdc.gov/diabetes/data/statistics/statistics-report.html 另外,分型为 2 型糖尿病的患者中有 10% 的患者可能胰岛细胞自身抗体阳性或者谷氨酸脱羧酶抗体阳性,提示为胰岛 β 细胞的自身免疫性损害。[5]Niskanen L, Tuomi T, Karjalainen J, et al. GAD antibodies in NIDDM. Ten-year follow-up from the diagnosis. Diabetes Care. 1995 Dec;18(12):1557-65.http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8722051?tool=bestpractice.com
地理区域不同,1型糖尿病发病率也不同。在欧洲,1型糖尿病发病率更高,而在亚洲发病率更低。因此,芬兰儿童发生 1 型糖尿病的可能性是日本儿童的 40 倍,并且几乎是中国遵义地区儿童的 100 倍。[6]Onkamo P, Vaananen S, Karvonen M, et al. Worldwide increase in incidence of type I diabetes - the analysis of the data on published incidence trends. Diabetologia. 1999 Dec;42(12):1395-403.https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007%2Fs001250051309.pdfhttp://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10651256?tool=bestpractice.com 世界范围内,1型糖尿病的发病率每年增加3%,但其原因不明。[7]EURODIAB ACE Study Group. Variation and trends in incidence of childhood diabetes in Europe. Lancet. 2000 Mar 11;355(9207):873-6.http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10752702?tool=bestpractice.com2017 年的一份报告显示,非白人种族和族群的发病率增长更为迅速。[8]Mayer-Davis EJ, Lawrence JM, Dabelea D, et al; SEARCH for Diabetes in Youth Study. Incidence trends of type 1 and type 2 diabetes among youths, 2002-2012. N Engl J Med. 2017 Apr 13;376(15):1419-29.https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5592722/http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28402773?tool=bestpractice.com