在一项研究中,在单卵双胞胎中,1 型糖尿病的一致率为 27.3%,在双卵性双胞胎中为 3.8%。[25]Hyttinen V, Kaprio J, Kinnunen L, et al. Genetic liability of type 1 diabetes and the onset age among 22,650 young Finnish twin pairs: a nationwide follow-up study. Diabetes. 2003 Apr;52(4):1052-5.http://diabetes.diabetesjournals.org/content/52/4/1052.fullhttp://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12663480?tool=bestpractice.com
已经发现第6对染色体上HLA等位点参与了1型糖尿病的家族遗传机制。[26]Gillespie K. Type 1 diabetes: pathogenesis and prevention. CMAJ. 2006 Jul 18;175(2):165-70.http://www.cmaj.ca/content/175/2/165.longhttp://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16847277?tool=bestpractice.com
DR4-DQ8和DR3-DQ2位点被认为是易感基因,在1型糖尿病中90%的患儿存在这两个基因。[26]Gillespie K. Type 1 diabetes: pathogenesis and prevention. CMAJ. 2006 Jul 18;175(2):165-70.http://www.cmaj.ca/content/175/2/165.longhttp://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16847277?tool=bestpractice.com
DR15-DQ6被认为有保护性。[26]Gillespie K. Type 1 diabetes: pathogenesis and prevention. CMAJ. 2006 Jul 18;175(2):165-70.http://www.cmaj.ca/content/175/2/165.longhttp://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16847277?tool=bestpractice.com
第11对染色体的胰岛素基因被认为是第二个非常重要的易感基因,占到了遗传易感性的10%。[26]Gillespie K. Type 1 diabetes: pathogenesis and prevention. CMAJ. 2006 Jul 18;175(2):165-70.http://www.cmaj.ca/content/175/2/165.longhttp://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16847277?tool=bestpractice.com
还有些基因位点与1型糖尿病相关。[26]Gillespie K. Type 1 diabetes: pathogenesis and prevention. CMAJ. 2006 Jul 18;175(2):165-70.http://www.cmaj.ca/content/175/2/165.longhttp://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16847277?tool=bestpractice.com