来那度胺
在 III 期临床试验中，来那度胺（一种免疫调节剂）降低了 CLL 患者进展的相对危险度。[56]Fink AM, Bahlo J, Robrecht S, et al. Lenalidomide maintenance after first-line therapy for high-risk chronic lymphocytic leukaemia (CLLM1): final results from a randomised, double-blind, phase 3 study. Lancet Haematol. 2017 Oct;4(10):e475-86.http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28916311?tool=bestpractice.com[57]Chanan-Khan AA, Zaritskey A, Egyed M, et al. Lenalidomide maintenance therapy in previously treated chronic lymphocytic leukaemia (CONTINUUM): a randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled, phase 3 trial. Lancet Haematol. 2017 Nov;4(11):e534-43.http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28958469?tool=bestpractice.com在一项临床试验中，在总生存期方面，来那度胺和安慰剂之间无明显差异。[57]Chanan-Khan AA, Zaritskey A, Egyed M, et al. Lenalidomide maintenance therapy in previously treated chronic lymphocytic leukaemia (CONTINUUM): a randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled, phase 3 trial. Lancet Haematol. 2017 Nov;4(11):e534-43.http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28958469?tool=bestpractice.com
阿卡替尼 (acalabrutinib)
阿卡替尼 (acalabrutinib) 是一种选择性不可逆性 Bruton 酪氨酸激酶 (BTK) 抑制剂。在一项针对 CLL 复发患者的小型、非对照、I/II 期试验中，85% 的患者在中位随访 14.3 个月时出现部分反应，10% 的患者出现淋巴细胞增多的部分反应。[58]Byrd JC, Harrington B, O'Brien S, et al. Acalabrutinib (ACP-196) in relapsed chronic lymphocytic leukemia. N Engl J Med. 2016 Jan 28;374(4):323-32.http://www.nejm.org/doi/full/10.1056/NEJMoa1509981http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26641137?tool=bestpractice.com 大多数不良事件为 1 级（轻度）或 2 级（中等）。
