FS 患者中性粒细胞减少受多种因素的影响,包括骨髓中性粒细胞生成减少或外周血中细胞破坏增加,或上述两种情况同时发生。骨髓象检查通常显示细胞数目增加,伴粒细胞系成熟阻滞。[2]Campion G, Maddison PJ, Goulding N, et al. The Felty syndrome: a case-matched study of clinical manifestations and outcome, serologic features, and immunogenetic associations. Medicine (Baltimore). 1990;69:69-80.http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/1969604?tool=bestpractice.com 通常认为中性粒细胞隔离和外周破坏增加是通过中性粒细胞结合免疫复合物或抗细胞表面抗原中性粒细胞抗体的作用而导致的。研究认为,粒细胞生成受损是由骨髓细胞因子产生减少、粒细胞生长因子抗体结合或 T 细胞介导的对骨髓前体细胞的免疫抑制而引起。[8]Balint GP, Balint PV. Felty's syndrome. Best Pract Res Clin Rheumatol. 2004;18:631-645.http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15454123?tool=bestpractice.com[4]Hellmich B, Pinals RS, Loughran TP Jr, et al. New clues to accrue on neutropenia in rheumatoid arthritis. Clin Immunol. 2005;117:1-5.http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16000259?tool=bestpractice.com[7]Rosenstein ED, Kramer N. Felty's and pseudo-Felty's syndromes. Semin Arthritis Rheum. 1991;21:129-142.http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/1788550?tool=bestpractice.com[11]Coakley G, Iqbal M, Brooks D, et al. CD8+, CD57+ T cells from healthy elderly subjects suppress neutrophil development in vitro: implications for the neutropenia of Felty's and large granular lymphocyte syndromes. Arthritis Rheum. 2000;43:834-843.http://www3.interscience.wiley.com/cgi-bin/fulltext/78503133/PDFSTARThttp://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10765928?tool=bestpractice.com[12]Burks EJ, Loughran TP Jr. Pathogenesis of neutropenia in large granular lymphocyte leukaemia and Felty syndrome. Blood Rev. 2006;20:245-266.http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16530306?tool=bestpractice.com
最初认为 FS 患者的脾肿大会引发中性粒细胞减少,但数则研究显示,脾脏大小与中性粒细胞减少程度并不相关。没有一种组织学证据表明中性粒细胞被隔离或在脾脏中被破坏。[12]Burks EJ, Loughran TP Jr. Pathogenesis of neutropenia in large granular lymphocyte leukaemia and Felty syndrome. Blood Rev. 2006;20:245-266.http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16530306?tool=bestpractice.com
虽然中性粒细胞减少易使患者出现复发性细菌感染,但中性粒细胞功能缺陷也可能导致该问题的出现。如果患者中性粒细胞计数极低,则易发生细菌感染,但部分患者在中性粒细胞计数正常后感染仍持续存在。已经证实中性粒细胞功能异常,伴趋化性和吞噬作用缺陷。[2]Campion G, Maddison PJ, Goulding N, et al. The Felty syndrome: a case-matched study of clinical manifestations and outcome, serologic features, and immunogenetic associations. Medicine (Baltimore). 1990;69:69-80.http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/1969604?tool=bestpractice.com