MDS 主要发生在中位年龄为 65-70 岁的老年人,然而,继发性 MDS 见于更年轻的人群。[2]Swerdlow SH, Campo E, Harris NL, et al, ed. WHO classification of tumours of haematopoietic and lymphoid tissues. Lyon, France: IARC; 2008.[6]Finelli CC. The myelodysplastic syndromes: Diagnosis, prognosis and therapy. Ital J Med. 2011;5:90-97. 男性比女性发病率高。70岁以上老人的发病率为 10 万之 20。[2]Swerdlow SH, Campo E, Harris NL, et al, ed. WHO classification of tumours of haematopoietic and lymphoid tissues. Lyon, France: IARC; 2008.估计所有年龄人群的发病率在 10 万之 4。[7]Aul C, Gattermann N, Schneider W. Age-related incidence and other epidemiological aspects of myelodysplastic syndromes. Br J Haematol. 1992;82:358-367.http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/1419819?tool=bestpractice.com罕有儿童罹患此病。
世界各国的总体发病率均相似。[8]Bennett JM, Komrokji RS. The myelodysplastic syndromes: diagnosis, molecular biology and risk assessment. Hematology. 2005;10(Suppl 1):258-269.http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16188686?tool=bestpractice.com然而,中国和其他亚洲国家患者的平均年龄要小得多,约为 49 岁。虽然尚不清楚诊断时这种年龄差别的确切原因,然而除了种族差异之外的化学污染和感染原因可能与此有关。[9]Chen B, Zhao WL, Jin J, et al. Clinical and cytogenetic features of 508 Chinese patients with myelodysplastic syndrome and comparison with those in Western countries. Leukemia. 2005;19:767-775.http://www.nature.com/leu/journal/v19/n5/full/2403688a.htmlhttp://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15759035?tool=bestpractice.com
通常认为发病率在上升,但难以获得准确的数据。发病率上升的部分原因可能是由于患者先前接受治疗其他恶性肿瘤的化疗和放疗,导致继发性 MDS 的发病率上升。然而,确切的数字尚无据可查。[2]Swerdlow SH, Campo E, Harris NL, et al, ed. WHO classification of tumours of haematopoietic and lymphoid tissues. Lyon, France: IARC; 2008.