急性硬膜下血肿
功能结局较差与下列因素有关：
高龄；[98]Koc RK, Akdemir H, Oktem IS, et al. Acute subdural hematoma: outcome and outcome prediction. Neurosurg Rev. 1997;20(4):239-44.http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9457718?tool=bestpractice.com
损伤严重程度较重；[99]Yanaka K, Kamezaki T, Yamada T, et al. Acute subdural hematoma: prediction of outcome with a linear discriminant function. Neurol Med Chir (Tokyo). 1993 Aug;33(8):552-8.https://www.jstage.jst.go.jp/article/nmc1959/33/8/33_8_552/_articlehttp://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7692328?tool=bestpractice.com
格拉斯哥昏迷量表评分 (GCS) 较低；[100]Servadei F, Nasi MT, Cremonini AM, et al. Importance of a reliable admission Glasgow Coma Scale score for determining the need for evacuation of posttraumatic subdural hematomas: a prospective study of 65 patients. J Trauma. 1998 May;44(5):868-73.http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9603091?tool=bestpractice.com[101]Phuenpathom N, Choomuang M, Ratanalert S. Outcome and outcome prediction in acute subdural hematoma. Surg Neurol. 1993 Jul;40(1):22-5.http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8322172?tool=bestpractice.com[102]Ono J, Yamaura A, Kubota M, et al. Outcome prediction in severe head injury: analyses of clinical prognostic factors. J Clin Neurosci. 2001 Mar;8(2):120-3.http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11484659?tool=bestpractice.com
脑成像结果显示中线移位、多发脑实质损伤以及基底池、环池或四叠体池消失；[103]Zumkeller M, Behrmann R, Heissler HE, et al. Computed tomographic criteria and survival rate for patients with acute subdural hematoma. Neurosurgery. 1996 Oct;39(4):708-12;discussion 712-3.http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8880762?tool=bestpractice.com[99]Yanaka K, Kamezaki T, Yamada T, et al. Acute subdural hematoma: prediction of outcome with a linear discriminant function. Neurol Med Chir (Tokyo). 1993 Aug;33(8):552-8.https://www.jstage.jst.go.jp/article/nmc1959/33/8/33_8_552/_articlehttp://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7692328?tool=bestpractice.com
早期需要手术；[104]Dent DL, Croce MA, Menke PG, et al. Prognostic factors after acute subdural hematoma. J Trauma. 1995 Jul;39(1):36-42;discussion 42-3.http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7636908?tool=bestpractice.com 和
颅内压升高。[99]Yanaka K, Kamezaki T, Yamada T, et al. Acute subdural hematoma: prediction of outcome with a linear discriminant function. Neurol Med Chir (Tokyo). 1993 Aug;33(8):552-8.https://www.jstage.jst.go.jp/article/nmc1959/33/8/33_8_552/_articlehttp://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7692328?tool=bestpractice.com[104]Dent DL, Croce MA, Menke PG, et al. Prognostic factors after acute subdural hematoma. J Trauma. 1995 Jul;39(1):36-42;discussion 42-3.http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7636908?tool=bestpractice.com
据报告，在预测结局方面，损伤严重程度及瞳孔反应是辨别能力最强的因素。[99]Yanaka K, Kamezaki T, Yamada T, et al. Acute subdural hematoma: prediction of outcome with a linear discriminant function. Neurol Med Chir (Tokyo). 1993 Aug;33(8):552-8.https://www.jstage.jst.go.jp/article/nmc1959/33/8/33_8_552/_articlehttp://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7692328?tool=bestpractice.com[98]Koc RK, Akdemir H, Oktem IS, et al. Acute subdural hematoma: outcome and outcome prediction. Neurosurg Rev. 1997;20(4):239-44.http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9457718?tool=bestpractice.com
慢性硬膜下血肿
慢性硬膜下血肿预后变化多样，复发者预后差。[105]Amirjamshidi A, Abouzari M, Rashidi A. Glasgow Coma Scale on admission is correlated with postoperative Glasgow Outcome Scale in chronic subdural hematoma. J Clin Neurosci. 2007 Dec;14(12):1240-1.http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17382549?tool=bestpractice.com[82]Ernestus RI, Beldzinski P, Lanfermann H, et al. Chronic subdural hematoma: surgical treatment and outcome in 104 patients. Surg Neurol. 1997 Sep;48(3):220-5.http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9290707?tool=bestpractice.com[106]Sato M, Endo Y, Takahagi S, et al. Chronic subdural hematoma with bleeding tendency; clinical analysis of 11 surgical cases [in Japanese]. No Shinkei Geka. 1995 Jan;23(1):49-54.http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7845520?tool=bestpractice.com[107]Stanisic M, Lund-Johansen M, Mahesparan R. Treatment of chronic subdural hematoma by burr-hole craniostomy in adults: influence of some factors on postoperative recurrence. Acta Neurochir (Wien). 2005 Dec;147(12):1249-56;discussion 1256-7.http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16133770?tool=bestpractice.com[103]Zumkeller M, Behrmann R, Heissler HE, et al. Computed tomographic criteria and survival rate for patients with acute subdural hematoma. Neurosurgery. 1996 Oct;39(4):708-12;discussion 712-3.http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8880762?tool=bestpractice.com 预后因素包括入院时的 GCS 评分、放射影像学表现（例如中线移位和假膜形成）以及患者接受的手术干预方式。
