睡眠障碍国际分类 (ICSD),美国睡眠医学会[1]American Academy of Sleep Medicine. International classification of sleep disorders - third edition (ICSD-3). 2014 [Internet publication].http://www.aasmnet.org/library/default.aspx?id=9[100]Miyagawa T, Kawamura H, Obuchi M, et al. Effects of oral L-carnitine administration in narcolepsy patients: a randomized, double-blind, cross-over and placebo-controlled trial. PLoS One. 2013;8(1):e53707.http://www.plosone.org/article/info%3Adoi%2F10.1371%2Fjournal.pone.0053707http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23349733?tool=bestpractice.com[101]Dauvilliers Y, Bassetti C, Lammers GJ, et al. Pitolisant versus placebo or modafinil in patients with narcolepsy: a double-blind, randomised trial. Lancet Neurol. 2013 Nov;12(11):1068-75.http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24107292?tool=bestpractice.com[102]Weinhold SL, Seeck-Hirschner M, Nowak A, et al. The effect of intranasal orexin-A (hypocretin-1) on sleep, wakefulness and attention in narcolepsy with cataplexy. Behav Brain Res. 2014 Apr 1;262:8-13.http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24406723?tool=bestpractice.com[103]Lopez R, Dauvilliers Y. Pharmacotherapy options for cataplexy. Expert Opin Pharmacother. 2013 May;14(7):895-903.http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23521426?tool=bestpractice.com
发作性睡病[1]American Academy of Sleep Medicine. International classification of sleep disorders - third edition (ICSD-3). 2014 [Internet publication].http://www.aasmnet.org/library/default.aspx?id=9[100]Miyagawa T, Kawamura H, Obuchi M, et al. Effects of oral L-carnitine administration in narcolepsy patients: a randomized, double-blind, cross-over and placebo-controlled trial. PLoS One. 2013;8(1):e53707.http://www.plosone.org/article/info%3Adoi%2F10.1371%2Fjournal.pone.0053707http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23349733?tool=bestpractice.com[101]Dauvilliers Y, Bassetti C, Lammers GJ, et al. Pitolisant versus placebo or modafinil in patients with narcolepsy: a double-blind, randomised trial. Lancet Neurol. 2013 Nov;12(11):1068-75.http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24107292?tool=bestpractice.com[102]Weinhold SL, Seeck-Hirschner M, Nowak A, et al. The effect of intranasal orexin-A (hypocretin-1) on sleep, wakefulness and attention in narcolepsy with cataplexy. Behav Brain Res. 2014 Apr 1;262:8-13.http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24406723?tool=bestpractice.com[103]Lopez R, Dauvilliers Y. Pharmacotherapy options for cataplexy. Expert Opin Pharmacother. 2013 May;14(7):895-903.http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23521426?tool=bestpractice.com 现ICSD-3 细分为 1 型(并下丘脑分泌素缺乏症)或 2 型(无下丘脑分泌素缺乏症)。这一分类代替了发作性睡病伴猝倒和发作性睡病不伴猝倒的旧式分类。
发作性睡病 1 型(并下丘脑分泌素缺乏症)——必须同时满足下列两个标准:
发作性睡病2 型(无下丘脑分泌素缺乏症)——必须同时满足下列五个标准:
患者出现抑制不住的睡眠日周期需要或白天陷入睡眠,持续出现至少 3 个月。
根据标准技术进行的 MSLT 显示平均睡眠潜伏期 ≤ 8 分钟和 2 个或更多的入睡出现的 REM 期(SOREMPs)。先前夜间 PSG 的 SOREMP(即睡眠开始 15 分钟内)可能替代 MSLT 中的其中一个 SOREMPs。
无猝倒。
脑脊液中下丘脑分泌素-1 的浓度未被测定,或通过免疫反应性测定的脑脊液下丘脑分泌素-1 浓度>110 pg/mL或大于同一标准化分析中的正常受试者所得平均值的1/3。
其他原因如睡眠不足、阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停、睡眠相位后移障碍、或者药物或物质的影响或停止使用的影响,无法更好地解释过度嗜睡和/或 MSLT 的发现。
ICSD-3 如今识别出一种病理生理亚型——身体状况导致的 2 型发作性睡病: