对潜在创伤性事件 (PTE) 终生暴露率的报道在不同国家,或同一国家的不同地区不同群体之间都有很大的差异。德国的一个样本报道人群的创伤事件暴露率为 21.4%,[2]Perkonigg A, Kessler RC, Storz S, et al. Traumatic events and post-traumatic stress disorder in the community: prevalence, risk factors and comorbidity. Acta Psychiatr Scand. 2000;101:46-59.http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10674950?tool=bestpractice.com而来自 6 个欧洲国家的样本报道为 63.6%,[3]Darves-Bornoz JM, Alonso J, de Girolamo G, et al. Main traumatic events in Europe: PTSD in the European Study of the Epidemiology of Mental Disorders Survey. J Trauma Stress. 2008;21:455-462.http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18956444?tool=bestpractice.com在澳大利亚的样本中,男性为 64.6%,女性为 49.5%,[4]Creamer M, Burgess P, McFarlane AC. Post-traumatic stress disorder: findings from the Australian National Survey of Mental Health and Well-being. Psychol Med. 2001;31:1237-1247.http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11681550?tool=bestpractice.com而来自荷兰的样本报道为 80.7%。[5]De Vries GJ, Olff, M. The lifetime prevalence of traumatic events and posttraumatic stress disorder in the Netherlands. J Trauma Stress. 2009;22:259-267.http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19645050?tool=bestpractice.com有报道称市中心有较高的暴露率,[6]Breslau N, Kessler RC, Chilcoat HD, et al. Trauma and posttraumatic stress disorder in the community: the 1996 Detroit Area Survey of Trauma. Arch Gen Psychiatry. 1998;55:626-632.http://jamanetwork.com/journals/jamapsychiatry/fullarticle/204066http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9672053?tool=bestpractice.com发生过自然灾害的地方亦是如此。[7]Galea S, Brewin CR, Gruber M, et al. Exposure to hurricane-related stressors and mental illness after Hurricane Katrina. Arch Gen Psychiatry. 2007;64:1427-1434.http://jamanetwork.com/journals/jamapsychiatry/fullarticle/482512http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18056551?tool=bestpractice.com某些群体更可能暴露于潜在创伤事件:包括军事人员,紧急服务人员,警察和难民。
不同国家所报道的创伤后应激障碍的终生患病率也各不相同,美国有报道为 6.8%,[8]Kessler RC, Berglund P, Demler O, et al. Lifetime prevalence and age-of-onset distributions of DSM-IV disorders in the National Comorbidity Survey Replication. Arch Gen Psychiatry. 2005;62:593-602.http://jamanetwork.com/journals/jamapsychiatry/fullarticle/208678http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15939837?tool=bestpractice.com德国为 1.3%,[2]Perkonigg A, Kessler RC, Storz S, et al. Traumatic events and post-traumatic stress disorder in the community: prevalence, risk factors and comorbidity. Acta Psychiatr Scand. 2000;101:46-59.http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10674950?tool=bestpractice.com欧洲的 6 个国家报道为 1.9%,[3]Darves-Bornoz JM, Alonso J, de Girolamo G, et al. Main traumatic events in Europe: PTSD in the European Study of the Epidemiology of Mental Disorders Survey. J Trauma Stress. 2008;21:455-462.http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18956444?tool=bestpractice.com而在荷兰为 7.4%。[5]De Vries GJ, Olff, M. The lifetime prevalence of traumatic events and posttraumatic stress disorder in the Netherlands. J Trauma Stress. 2009;22:259-267.http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19645050?tool=bestpractice.com关于年患病率的不同国家,或同一国家的不同地区:美国为 3.6%,[9]Narrow WE, Rae DS, Robins LN, et al. Revised prevalence estimates of mental disorders in the United States: using a clinical significance criterion to reconcile 2 surveys' estimates. Arch Gen Psychiatry. 2002;59:115-123.http://jamanetwork.com/journals/jamapsychiatry/fullarticle/206036http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11825131?tool=bestpractice.com南非为 0.6%,[10]Williams DR, Herman A, Stein DJ, et al. Twelve-month mental disorders in South Africa: prevalence, service use and demographic correlates in the population-based South African Stress and Health Study. Psychol Med. 2008;38:211-220.http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2718686/http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17903333?tool=bestpractice.com德国为 0.7%,[2]Perkonigg A, Kessler RC, Storz S, et al. Traumatic events and post-traumatic stress disorder in the community: prevalence, risk factors and comorbidity. Acta Psychiatr Scand. 2000;101:46-59.http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10674950?tool=bestpractice.com6 个欧洲国家为 1.1%,[3]Darves-Bornoz JM, Alonso J, de Girolamo G, et al. Main traumatic events in Europe: PTSD in the European Study of the Epidemiology of Mental Disorders Survey. J Trauma Stress. 2008;21:455-462.http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18956444?tool=bestpractice.com而澳大利亚为 1.3%。[4]Creamer M, Burgess P, McFarlane AC. Post-traumatic stress disorder: findings from the Australian National Survey of Mental Health and Well-being. Psychol Med. 2001;31:1237-1247.http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11681550?tool=bestpractice.com在英国,虽然从 16 岁起暴露于潜在创伤事件的成年人只有 33%,但目前的创伤后应激障碍发病率却达到了 3%。[11]McManus S, Meltzer H, Wessely S. Posttraumatic stress disorder. In: McManus S, Meltzer H, Brugha T, et al, eds. Adult psychiatric morbidity in England, 2007: results of a household survey. London, UK: The NHS Information Centre for health and social care; 2009.