减轻全身症状:较低质量的证据证明,肾上腺素对减轻严重过敏反应的全身症状有效。一项 Cochrane 综述发现,并无有关肾上腺素在严重过敏反应中获益的前瞻性对照试验。不过,根据专家的共识和间接的观察数据,综述的作者以及所有其他指南均建议将肾上腺素作为严重过敏反应的一线治疗药物。[66]Sheikh A, Shehata YA, Brown SG, et al. Adrenaline for the treatment of anaphylaxis: Cochrane systematic review. Allergy. 2009;64:204-212.http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/j.1398-9995.2008.01926.x/fullhttp://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19178399?tool=bestpractice.com[67]Sheikh A, Shehata YA, Brown-Simon GA, et al. Adrenaline (epinephrine) for the treatment of anaphylaxis with and without shock. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2008;(4):CD006312.http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/14651858.CD006312.pub2/fullhttp://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18843712?tool=bestpractice.com
系统评价或者受试者>200名的随机对照临床试验(RCT)。
减轻全身症状:较低质量的证据证明,肾上腺素对减轻严重过敏反应的全身症状有效。一项 Cochrane 综述发现,并无有关肾上腺素在严重过敏反应中获益的前瞻性对照试验。不过,根据专家的共识和间接的观察数据,综述的作者以及所有其他指南均建议将肾上腺素作为严重过敏反应的一线治疗药物。[66]Sheikh A, Shehata YA, Brown SG, et al. Adrenaline for the treatment of anaphylaxis: Cochrane systematic review. Allergy. 2009;64:204-212.http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/j.1398-9995.2008.01926.x/fullhttp://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19178399?tool=bestpractice.com[67]Sheikh A, Shehata YA, Brown-Simon GA, et al. Adrenaline (epinephrine) for the treatment of anaphylaxis with and without shock. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2008;(4):CD006312.http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/14651858.CD006312.pub2/fullhttp://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18843712?tool=bestpractice.com
减轻持续的呼吸系统症状:较低质量的证据证明,H1-抗阻胺药对减轻虽经肾上腺素治疗仍持续存在的症状有效。最近的一项 Cochrane 综述发现,根据其入选标准,并无有关在严重过敏反应中应用 H1-抗阻胺药的证据。[73]Sheikh A, Ten Broek V, Brown SG, et al. H1-antihistamines for the treatment of anaphylaxis: Cochrane systematic review. Allergy. 2007;62:830-837.http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17620060?tool=bestpractice.com[74]Sheikh A, Ten Broek VM, Brown-Simon GA, et al. H1-antihistamines for the treatment of anaphylaxis with and without shock. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2007:(1):CD006160.http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/14651858.CD006160.pub2/fullhttp://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17253584?tool=bestpractice.com
系统评价或者受试者>200名的随机对照临床试验(RCT)。
减轻持续的呼吸系统症状:较低质量的证据证明,H1-抗阻胺药对减轻虽经肾上腺素治疗仍持续存在的症状有效。最近的一项 Cochrane 综述发现,根据其入选标准,并无有关在严重过敏反应中应用 H1-抗阻胺药的证据。[73]Sheikh A, Ten Broek V, Brown SG, et al. H1-antihistamines for the treatment of anaphylaxis: Cochrane systematic review. Allergy. 2007;62:830-837.http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17620060?tool=bestpractice.com[74]Sheikh A, Ten Broek VM, Brown-Simon GA, et al. H1-antihistamines for the treatment of anaphylaxis with and without shock. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2007:(1):CD006160.http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/14651858.CD006160.pub2/fullhttp://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17253584?tool=bestpractice.com