尽管存在差异,临床产后抑郁症综合征总体发病率据估计在7%到19%之间。[10]O'Hara MW, Swain AM. Rates and risks of postpartum depression: a meta- analysis. Int Rev Psychiatry. 1996;8:37-54.[11]Gavin NI, Gaynes BN, Lohr KN, et al. Perinatal depression: a systematic review of prevalence and incidence. Obstet Gynecol. 2005;106:1071-1083.http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16260528?tool=bestpractice.com一个综述[12]Halbreich U, Karkun S. Cross-cultural and social diversity of prevalence of postpartum depression and depressive symptoms. J Affect Disord. 2006;91:97-111.http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16466664?tool=bestpractice.com复习了40个国家的143项研究,发现对产后抑郁症发病率的报道差别很大,从0%到60%不等。一项复习了在8个非洲国家的产后心理健康相关研究的系统综述[13]Sawyer A, Ayers S, Smith H. Pre- and postnatal psychological wellbeing in Africa: a systematic review. J Affect Disord. 2010;123:17-29.http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19635636?tool=bestpractice.com报道加权平均发病率为18.3%。并不明确发病率报告的差别是源于文化差异还是研究对抑郁界定和评估的异质性。丹麦一项注册研究数据表明在产后第一个月所有诊断的精神专科住院率为0.7/1000次生产。[14]Munk-Olsen T, Laursen TM, Pedersen CB, et al. New parents and mental disorders: a population-based register study. JAMA. 2006;296:2582-2589.http://jama.ama-assn.org/cgi/content/full/296/21/2582http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17148723?tool=bestpractice.com美国2001-2002年酒精及相关情况的全国流行病学调查中,[15]Vesga-Lopez O, Blanco C, Keyes K, et al. Psychiatric disorders in pregnant and postpartum women in the United States. Arch Gen Psychiatry. 2008;65:805-815.http://archpsyc.ama-assn.org/cgi/content/full/65/7/805http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18606953?tool=bestpractice.com产后12个月内重性抑郁障碍的发病率为9.3%。