情绪低落[10]O'Hara MW, Swain AM. Rates and risks of postpartum depression: a meta- analysis. Int Rev Psychiatry. 1996;8:37-54.[17]Beck CT. Predictors of postpartum depression: an update. Nurs Res. 2001;50:275-285.http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11570712?tool=bestpractice.com[18]Robertson E, Grace S, Wallington T, et al. Antenatal risk factors for postpartum depression: a synthesis of recent literature. Gen Hosp Psychiatry. 2004;26:289-295.http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15234824?tool=bestpractice.com[23]Boyce P, Hickey A. Psychosocial risk factors to major depression after childbirth. Soc Psychiatry Psychiatr Epidemiol. 2005;40:605-612.http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16096700?tool=bestpractice.com[24]Heron J, O'Connor TG, Evans J, et al; ALSPAC Study Team. The course of anxiety and depression through pregnancy and the postpartum in a community sample. J Affect Disord. 2004;80:65-73.http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15094259?tool=bestpractice.com[25]Milgrom J, Gemmill AW, Bilszta JL, et al. Antenatal risk factors for postnatal depression: a large prospective study. J Affect Disord. 2008;108:147-157.http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18067974?tool=bestpractice.com[41]Scottish Intercollegiate Guidelines Network. Management of perinatal mood disorders. March 2012. http://www.sign.ac.uk (last accessed 21 October 2016).http://www.sign.ac.uk/pdf/sign127.pdf或焦虑[17]Beck CT. Predictors of postpartum depression: an update. Nurs Res. 2001;50:275-285.http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11570712?tool=bestpractice.com[18]Robertson E, Grace S, Wallington T, et al. Antenatal risk factors for postpartum depression: a synthesis of recent literature. Gen Hosp Psychiatry. 2004;26:289-295.http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15234824?tool=bestpractice.com[24]Heron J, O'Connor TG, Evans J, et al; ALSPAC Study Team. The course of anxiety and depression through pregnancy and the postpartum in a community sample. J Affect Disord. 2004;80:65-73.http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15094259?tool=bestpractice.com[25]Milgrom J, Gemmill AW, Bilszta JL, et al. Antenatal risk factors for postnatal depression: a large prospective study. J Affect Disord. 2008;108:147-157.http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18067974?tool=bestpractice.com[41]Scottish Intercollegiate Guidelines Network. Management of perinatal mood disorders. March 2012. http://www.sign.ac.uk (last accessed 21 October 2016).http://www.sign.ac.uk/pdf/sign127.pdf在怀孕期间是产后抑郁症的显著预测因子。经历产前抑郁的妇女患产后抑郁症的风险升高5倍。[25]Milgrom J, Gemmill AW, Bilszta JL, et al. Antenatal risk factors for postnatal depression: a large prospective study. J Affect Disord. 2008;108:147-157.http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18067974?tool=bestpractice.com 经历产前焦虑的妇女风险升高3倍。[25]Milgrom J, Gemmill AW, Bilszta JL, et al. Antenatal risk factors for postnatal depression: a large prospective study. J Affect Disord. 2008;108:147-157.http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18067974?tool=bestpractice.com
发生于任何时期的重性抑郁病史均显著增加产后抑郁症的风险。[17]Beck CT. Predictors of postpartum depression: an update. Nurs Res. 2001;50:275-285.http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11570712?tool=bestpractice.com[18]Robertson E, Grace S, Wallington T, et al. Antenatal risk factors for postpartum depression: a synthesis of recent literature. Gen Hosp Psychiatry. 2004;26:289-295.http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15234824?tool=bestpractice.com[25]Milgrom J, Gemmill AW, Bilszta JL, et al. Antenatal risk factors for postnatal depression: a large prospective study. J Affect Disord. 2008;108:147-157.http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18067974?tool=bestpractice.com[41]Scottish Intercollegiate Guidelines Network. Management of perinatal mood disorders. March 2012. http://www.sign.ac.uk (last accessed 21 October 2016).http://www.sign.ac.uk/pdf/sign127.pdf增加风险的水平似乎与之前抑郁发作的严重性及持续时间相关。
产后忧郁,或“婴儿忧郁”,与随继的产后抑郁症相关。[41]Scottish Intercollegiate Guidelines Network. Management of perinatal mood disorders. March 2012. http://www.sign.ac.uk (last accessed 21 October 2016).http://www.sign.ac.uk/pdf/sign127.pdf