在孕期和分娩后,由护士和助产士专业家访、同伴间电话支持、人际心理治疗,有效降低产后抑郁症风险。[43]Dennis CL, Dowswell T. Psychosocial and psychological interventions for preventing postpartum depression. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2013;(2):CD001134.http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/14651858.CD001134.pub3/fullhttp://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23450532?tool=bestpractice.com
单独针对高危产妇的深入细致的产后专业支持可能获益。尽管循证依据较少,可能可以对一些有严重抑郁病史的妇女提供抗抑郁药物预防。[1]Musters C, McDonald E, Jones I. Management of postnatal depression. BMJ. 2008;337:a736.http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18689433?tool=bestpractice.com然而目前的指南没有推荐将常规心理干预作为产前和产后保健的一部分。[44]National Institute for Health and Care Excellence. Antenatal and postnatal mental health: clinical management and service guidance. June 2015. http://www.nice.org.uk/ (last accessed 21 October 2016).http://www.nice.org.uk/guidance/cg192
一个支持降低孕期及产后心理治疗门槛的依据在于精神药物治疗的风险-效益比在这一时期的变化。通过爱丁堡产后抑郁症量表(EPDS)和面对面临床评估识别抑郁症状,由受训的健康访视员对产后6周EPDS评分<12分的妇女进行心理干预,如CBT,已被证明可降低其产后6个月评分≥12分的风险。[45]Brugha TS, Morrell CJ, Slade P, et al. Universal prevention of depression in women postnatally: cluster randomized trial evidence in primary care. Psychol Med. 2011;41:739-748.http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3042795/http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20716383?tool=bestpractice.com
有重度抑郁病史的高危妇女在怀孕前后孕期应有详细的、针对其怀孕后期及产后的精神保健书面计划,计划应由该妇女和所有有关方面:包括产科服务、社区助产团队、GP、卫生访视员和心理健康专业人士共同拟定并共享。[41]Scottish Intercollegiate Guidelines Network. Management of perinatal mood disorders. March 2012. http://www.sign.ac.uk (last accessed 21 October 2016).http://www.sign.ac.uk/pdf/sign127.pdf应将护理计划记录于所有版本的女性说明(关于她自己的记录以及产科、初级医疗保健和心理健康说明)中,并为该女性和所有相关专业人员提供副本。[44]National Institute for Health and Care Excellence. Antenatal and postnatal mental health: clinical management and service guidance. June 2015. http://www.nice.org.uk/ (last accessed 21 October 2016).http://www.nice.org.uk/guidance/cg192