反应性关节炎 (ReA) 发病率在不同的流行病学研究中不同。据信多种因素造成了这一差别,包括遗传组成(例如 HLA-B27 阳性率)和环境因素(例如致病生物体的不同感染率)差异。具体诊断标准的缺乏也限制了患病率的准确评估。[3]Braun J, Kingsley G, van der Heijde D, et al. On the difficulties of establishing a consensus on the definition of and diagnostic investigations of reactive arthritis. Results and discussion of a questionnaire prepared for the 4th International Workshop on Reactive Arthritis, Berlin, Germany, July 3-6, 1999. J Rheumatol. 2000;27:2185-2192.http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10990232?tool=bestpractice.com[4]Michet CJ, Machado EB, Ballard DJ, et al. Epidemiology of Reiter's syndrome in Rochester, Minnesota: 1950-1980. Arthritis Rheum. 1988;31:428-431.http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/3358804?tool=bestpractice.com
ReA 主要见于成人。[5]Flores D, Marquez J, Garza M, et al. Reactive arthritis: newer developments. Rheum Dis Clin North Am. 2003;29:37-59.http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12635499?tool=bestpractice.com[6]Rudwaleit M, Richter S, Braun J, et al. Low incidence of reactive arthritis in children following a salmonella outbreak. Ann Rheum Dis. 2001;60:1055-1057.http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11602478?tool=bestpractice.com据认为,衣原体性关节炎患病率在成人达 30/100,000~40/100,000,其中衣原体诱导关节炎的年发病率为 4.6/100,000,而肠内细菌性关节炎在成人中的发病率为 5/100,000。[7]Kvien TK, Glennas A, Melby G, et al. Reactive arthritis: incidence, triggering agents and clinical presentation. J Rheumatol. 1994;21:115-122.http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8151565?tool=bestpractice.com[8]Toivanen A, Toivanen P. Reactive arthritis. Best Pract Res Clin Rheumatol. 2004;18:689-703.http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15454127?tool=bestpractice.com沙眼衣原体感染后的 ReA 罹患率从 4%~8% 不等,[9]Rich E, Hook EW 3rd, Alarcon GS, et al. Reactive arthritis in patients attending an urban sexually transmitted diseases clinic. Arthritis Rheum. 1996;39:1172-1177.http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8670327?tool=bestpractice.com[10]Carter JD, Rehman A, Guthrie JP, et al. Attack rate of Chlamydia-induced reactive arthritis and effect of the CCR5-Delta-32 mutation: a prospective analysis. J Rheumatol. 2013;40:1578-1582.http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23818716?tool=bestpractice.com而痢疾后 ReA 罹患率约为 1.5%~30%。[11]Eastmond CJ, Rennie JA, Reid TM. An outbreak of Campylobacter enteritis - a rheumatological followup survey. J Rheumatol. 1983;10:107-108.http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6842468?tool=bestpractice.com[12]Dworkin MS, Shoemaker PC, Goldoft MJ, et al. Reactive arthritis and Reiter's syndrome following an outbreak of gastroenteritis caused by Salmonella enteritidis. Clin Infect Dis. 2001;33:1010-1014.http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11528573?tool=bestpractice.com