黑色素吸收UVB从而保护人体皮肤避免发生AK。[27]Fu W, Cockerell CJ. The actinic (solar) keratosis: a 21st-century perspective. Arch Dermatol. 2003;139:66-70.http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12533168?tool=bestpractice.com[29]Vogelstein B, Kinzler KW. p53 function and dysfunction. Cell. 1992;70:523-526.http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/1505019?tool=bestpractice.com浅肤色(FitzpatrickI型和II型皮肤)人群发生AK的风险是深肤色人群的6倍。[21]Green A, Beardmore G, Hart V, et al. Skin cancer in a Queensland population. J Am Acad Dermatol. 1988;19:1045-1052.http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/3204179?tool=bestpractice.com儿童时期长雀斑会增加AK发生的风险。[15]Lehmann AR, Bridges BA. Sunlight-induced cancer: some new aspects and implications of the xeroderma pigmentosum model. Br J Dermatol. 1990;122(suppl 35):115-119.http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2186779?tool=bestpractice.com[16]Lambert WC, Kuo HR, Lambert MW. Xeroderma pigmentosum. Dermatol Clin. 1995;13:169-209.http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7712643?tool=bestpractice.com[40]Salasche SJ. Epidemiology of actinic keratoses and squamous cell carcinoma. J Am Acad Dermatol. 2000;42:4-7.http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10607349?tool=bestpractice.com
急性日光暴露后,皮肤被晒伤但没有晒黑的患者发生AK的风险是那些皮肤被晒黑但没有晒伤患者的两倍。[21]Green A, Beardmore G, Hart V, et al. Skin cancer in a Queensland population. J Am Acad Dermatol. 1988;19:1045-1052.http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/3204179?tool=bestpractice.com
年龄大于20岁的白化病患者中AK的发生率为91%。[14]Lookingbill DP, Lookingbill GL, Leppard B. Actinic damage and skin cancer in albinos in northern Tanzania: findings in 164 patients enrolled in an outreach skin care program. J Am Acad Dermatol. 1995;32:653-658.http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7896957?tool=bestpractice.com[15]Lehmann AR, Bridges BA. Sunlight-induced cancer: some new aspects and implications of the xeroderma pigmentosum model. Br J Dermatol. 1990;122(suppl 35):115-119.http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2186779?tool=bestpractice.com[16]Lambert WC, Kuo HR, Lambert MW. Xeroderma pigmentosum. Dermatol Clin. 1995;13:169-209.http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7712643?tool=bestpractice.com[41]Stockfleth E, Ulrich C, Meyer T, et al. Epithelial malignancies in organ transplant patients: clinical presentation and new methods of treatment. Recent Results Cancer Res. 2002;160:251-258.http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12079221?tool=bestpractice.com