肝脓肿不是一种常见病。在美国和英国该病的年发病率约为 3.6/100,000,[2]Mohsen AH, Green ST, Read RC, et al. Liver abscess in adults: ten years experience in a UK centre. QJM. 2002;95:797-802.https://academic.oup.com/qjmed/article/95/12/797/1572029/Liver-abscess-in-adults-ten-years-experience-in-ahttp://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12454322?tool=bestpractice.com[4]Meddings L, Myers RP, Hubbard J, et al. A population-based study of pyogenic liver abscesses in the United States: incidence, mortality, and temporal trends. Am J Gastroenterol. 2010;105:117-124.http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19888200?tool=bestpractice.com大多数病例系列研究显示,每 100,000 例住院患者中约有 8-20 例肝脓肿。[2]Mohsen AH, Green ST, Read RC, et al. Liver abscess in adults: ten years experience in a UK centre. QJM. 2002;95:797-802.https://academic.oup.com/qjmed/article/95/12/797/1572029/Liver-abscess-in-adults-ten-years-experience-in-ahttp://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12454322?tool=bestpractice.com[5]Huang CJ, Pitt HA, Lipsett PA, et al. Pyogenic hepatic abscess: changing trends over 42 years. Ann Surg. 1996;223:600-607.https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1235191/pdf/annsurg00039-0160.pdfhttp://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8651751?tool=bestpractice.com[6]Johannsen EC, Sifri CD, Madoff LC. Pyogenic liver abscesses. Infect Dis Clin North Am. 2000;14:547-563.http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10987109?tool=bestpractice.com肝脓肿的年发病率在亚洲的一些地区可能更高(例如,台湾地区的年发病率约为 15/100,000)。[7]Tsai FC, Huang YT, Chang LY, et al. Pyogenic liver abscess as endemic disease, Taiwan. Emerg Infect Dis. 2008;14:1592-1600.http://wwwnc.cdc.gov/eid/article/14/10/07-1254_articlehttp://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18826824?tool=bestpractice.com[8]Kim JK, Chung DR, Wie SH, et al. Risk factor analysis of invasive liver abscess caused by the K1 serotype Klebsiella pneumoniae. Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis. 2009;28:109-111.http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18663497?tool=bestpractice.com阿米巴感染病例多发生在中美洲和南美洲、非洲和亚洲。[9]Petri WA Jr, Singh U. Diagnosis and management of amebiasis. Clin Infect Dis. 1999;29:1117-1125.https://academic.oup.com/cid/article/29/5/1117/337264/Diagnosis-and-Management-of-Amebiasishttp://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10524950?tool=bestpractice.com在发达国家,阿米巴病(及继发的阿米巴肝脓肿)最常见于来自疫区的移民和旅行者。[10]Snider C, Petri WA Jr. Travel medicine. In: Rakel RE, ed. Conn's current therapy. 61st ed. New York, NY: W.B. Saunders; 2008:156-164.[11]Johnston V, Stockley JM, Dockrell D, et al; British Infection Society and the Hospital for Tropical Diseases. Fever in returned travellers presenting in the United Kingdom: recommendations for investigation and initial management. J Infect. 2009;59:1-18.http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19595360?tool=bestpractice.com
肝脓肿发病率随年龄的增长而增加,男性的发病率略微高于女性的。[1]Kaplan GG, Gregson DB, Laupland KB. Population-based study of the epidemiology of and the risk factors for pyogenic liver abscess. Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2004;2:1032-1038.http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15551257?tool=bestpractice.com[2]Mohsen AH, Green ST, Read RC, et al. Liver abscess in adults: ten years experience in a UK centre. QJM. 2002;95:797-802.https://academic.oup.com/qjmed/article/95/12/797/1572029/Liver-abscess-in-adults-ten-years-experience-in-ahttp://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12454322?tool=bestpractice.com[4]Meddings L, Myers RP, Hubbard J, et al. A population-based study of pyogenic liver abscesses in the United States: incidence, mortality, and temporal trends. Am J Gastroenterol. 2010;105:117-124.http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19888200?tool=bestpractice.com[7]Tsai FC, Huang YT, Chang LY, et al. Pyogenic liver abscess as endemic disease, Taiwan. Emerg Infect Dis. 2008;14:1592-1600.http://wwwnc.cdc.gov/eid/article/14/10/07-1254_articlehttp://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18826824?tool=bestpractice.com[12]Jepsen P, Vilstrup H, Schønheyder HC, et al. A nationwide study of the incidence and 30-day mortality rate of pyogenic liver abscess in Denmark, 1977-2002. Aliment Pharmacol Ther. 2005;21:1185-1188.http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/j.1365-2036.2005.02487.x/fullhttp://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15882238?tool=bestpractice.com流行病学研究显示,肝脓肿的发病率在增加,而死亡率保持稳定或下降。[4]Meddings L, Myers RP, Hubbard J, et al. A population-based study of pyogenic liver abscesses in the United States: incidence, mortality, and temporal trends. Am J Gastroenterol. 2010;105:117-124.http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19888200?tool=bestpractice.com[7]Tsai FC, Huang YT, Chang LY, et al. Pyogenic liver abscess as endemic disease, Taiwan. Emerg Infect Dis. 2008;14:1592-1600.http://wwwnc.cdc.gov/eid/article/14/10/07-1254_articlehttp://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18826824?tool=bestpractice.com[12]Jepsen P, Vilstrup H, Schønheyder HC, et al. A nationwide study of the incidence and 30-day mortality rate of pyogenic liver abscess in Denmark, 1977-2002. Aliment Pharmacol Ther. 2005;21:1185-1188.http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/j.1365-2036.2005.02487.x/fullhttp://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15882238?tool=bestpractice.com发病率呈上升趋势可能是因为使用了比过去更敏感的诊断试验(例如,CT 扫描)或者诱发因素日益增加。