斜视的流行病学存在地域性差异。在西方人群中,最常见的类型是内斜视,而亚洲人群则以外斜视为主。基于美国人群的研究发现,外斜视的年发病率为 64/100,000(对应 11 岁以下儿童的患病率为 1%),[2]Govindan M, Mohney BG, Diehl NN, et al. Incidence and types of childhood exotropia: a population-based study. Ophthalmology. 2005;112:104-108.http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15629828?tool=bestpractice.com内斜视发病率为 111/100,000 (对应 6 岁以下儿童的患病率为 2%),[3]Greenberg AE, Mohney BG, Diehl NN, et al. Incidence and types of childhood esotropia: a population-based study. Ophthalmology. 2007;114:170-174.http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17070595?tool=bestpractice.com上斜视发病率为 12.9/100,000 (对应 19 岁以下儿童的患病率为 0.26%)。[4]Tollefson MM, Mohney BG, Diehl NN, et al. Incidence and types of childhood hypertropia: a population-based study. Ophthalmology. 2006;113:1142-1145.http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16647125?tool=bestpractice.com
在美国,7 岁以下儿童内斜视的发病率最高,2-3 岁和 6-9 岁儿童外斜视的发病率最高,而且成人知觉性斜视发病率也较高。上斜视的发病率分布较均匀。[4]Tollefson MM, Mohney BG, Diehl NN, et al. Incidence and types of childhood hypertropia: a population-based study. Ophthalmology. 2006;113:1142-1145.http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16647125?tool=bestpractice.com香港的一项研究证实 27.4% 的斜视患者有内斜视,而 65.2% 的斜视患者有外斜视(其中三分之二有间歇性外斜视)。[5]Yu CB, Fan DS, Wong VW, et al. Changing patterns of strabismus: a decade of experience in Hong Kong. Br J Ophthalmol. 2002;86:854-856.https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1771235/http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12140202?tool=bestpractice.com
与一般人群相比,智障人群斜视的患病率更高 (44.1%)。[6]van Splunder J, Stilma JS, Bernsen RM, et al. Prevalence of ocular diagnoses found on screening 1539 adults with intellectual disabilities. Ophthalmology. 2004;111:1457-1463.http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15288971?tool=bestpractice.com白人的患病率为 2%-4%,[2]Govindan M, Mohney BG, Diehl NN, et al. Incidence and types of childhood exotropia: a population-based study. Ophthalmology. 2005;112:104-108.http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15629828?tool=bestpractice.com[3]Greenberg AE, Mohney BG, Diehl NN, et al. Incidence and types of childhood esotropia: a population-based study. Ophthalmology. 2007;114:170-174.http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17070595?tool=bestpractice.com[4]Tollefson MM, Mohney BG, Diehl NN, et al. Incidence and types of childhood hypertropia: a population-based study. Ophthalmology. 2006;113:1142-1145.http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16647125?tool=bestpractice.com[6]van Splunder J, Stilma JS, Bernsen RM, et al. Prevalence of ocular diagnoses found on screening 1539 adults with intellectual disabilities. Ophthalmology. 2004;111:1457-1463.http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15288971?tool=bestpractice.com[7]Mohney BG. Common forms of childhood strabismus in an incidence cohort. Am J Ophthalmol. 2007;144:465-467.http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17765436?tool=bestpractice.com[8]O'Connor AR, Stephenson T, Johnson A, et al. Long-term ophthalmic outcome of low birth weight children with and without retinopathy of prematurity. Pediatrics. 2002;109:12-18.http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11773536?tool=bestpractice.com而亚洲人群患病率可能较低。[9]Matsuo T, Matsuo C. The prevalence of strabismus and amblyopia in Japanese elementary school children. Ophthalmic Epidemiol. 2005;12:31-36.http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15848918?tool=bestpractice.com