症状缓解:高等强度证据表明,治疗急性下腰痛时各类非甾体抗炎药效果近似。[59]Roelofs PD, Deyo RA, Koes BW, et al. Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs for low back pain. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2008;(1):CD000396.http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18253976?tool=bestpractice.com[60]Zippel H, Wagenitz A. A multicentre, randomised, double-blind study comparing the efficacy and tolerability of intramuscular dexketoprofen versus diclofenac in the symptomatic treatment of acute low back pain. Clin Drug Investig. 2007;27:533-543.http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17638394?tool=bestpractice.com[61]Ximenes A, Robles M, Sands G, et al. Valdecoxib is as efficacious as diclofenac in the treatment of acute low back pain. Clin J Pain. 2007;23:244-250.http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17314584?tool=bestpractice.com
系统评价或者受试者>200名的随机对照临床试验(RCT)。
症状缓解:高等强度证据表明,治疗急性下腰痛时各类非甾体抗炎药效果近似。[59]Roelofs PD, Deyo RA, Koes BW, et al. Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs for low back pain. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2008;(1):CD000396.http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18253976?tool=bestpractice.com[60]Zippel H, Wagenitz A. A multicentre, randomised, double-blind study comparing the efficacy and tolerability of intramuscular dexketoprofen versus diclofenac in the symptomatic treatment of acute low back pain. Clin Drug Investig. 2007;27:533-543.http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17638394?tool=bestpractice.com[61]Ximenes A, Robles M, Sands G, et al. Valdecoxib is as efficacious as diclofenac in the treatment of acute low back pain. Clin J Pain. 2007;23:244-250.http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17314584?tool=bestpractice.com
症状缓解:来自队列研究的高质量证据表明,不管有没有引起下腰痛的坐骨神经痛,单独使用牵引对治疗下腰痛无效。支持将牵引作为标准物理治疗的补充疗法的证据有限,但也提示此做法缺乏有效性。[114]van Poppel MN, Koes BW, van der Ploeg T, et al. Lumbar supports and education for the prevention of low back pain in industry: a randomized controlled trial. JAMA. 1998;279:1789-1794.http://jama.jamanetwork.com/article.aspx?articleid=187623http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9628709?tool=bestpractice.com
系统评价或者受试者>200名的随机对照临床试验(RCT)。
症状缓解:来自队列研究的高质量证据表明,不管有没有引起下腰痛的坐骨神经痛,单独使用牵引对治疗下腰痛无效。支持将牵引作为标准物理治疗的补充疗法的证据有限,但也提示此做法缺乏有效性。[114]van Poppel MN, Koes BW, van der Ploeg T, et al. Lumbar supports and education for the prevention of low back pain in industry: a randomized controlled trial. JAMA. 1998;279:1789-1794.http://jama.jamanetwork.com/article.aspx?articleid=187623http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9628709?tool=bestpractice.com
预防下腰痛:高等质量证据证实,腰托并不能有效减少下腰痛发生率,也不能减少患者的旷工时间。[115]van Duijvenbode IC, Jellema P, van Poppel MN, et al. Lumbar supports for prevention and treatment of low back pain. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2008;(2):CD001823.http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/14651858.CD001823.pub3/fullhttp://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18425875?tool=bestpractice.com
系统评价或者受试者>200名的随机对照临床试验(RCT)。
预防下腰痛:高等质量证据证实,腰托并不能有效减少下腰痛发生率,也不能减少患者的旷工时间。[115]van Duijvenbode IC, Jellema P, van Poppel MN, et al. Lumbar supports for prevention and treatment of low back pain. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2008;(2):CD001823.http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/14651858.CD001823.pub3/fullhttp://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18425875?tool=bestpractice.com
症状缓解:中等强度证据表明,对于急性下腰痛患者,在发病后3-12周时,保持日常活动比卧床更能有效减轻疼痛。并且一项来自于系统性评价的高质量证据证明,保持日常活动避免卧床有利于急性非特异性下腰痛的紧急治疗。[51]Dahm KT, Brurberg KG, Jamtvedt G, et al. Advice to rest in bed versus advice to stay active for acute low-back pain and sciatica. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2010;(6):CD007612.http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20556780?tool=bestpractice.com
系统评价或者受试者>200名的随机对照临床试验(RCT)。
症状缓解:中等强度证据表明,对于急性下腰痛患者,在发病后3-12周时,保持日常活动比卧床更能有效减轻疼痛。并且一项来自于系统性评价的高质量证据证明,保持日常活动避免卧床有利于急性非特异性下腰痛的紧急治疗。[51]Dahm KT, Brurberg KG, Jamtvedt G, et al. Advice to rest in bed versus advice to stay active for acute low-back pain and sciatica. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2010;(6):CD007612.http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20556780?tool=bestpractice.com
症状缓解:中等强度证据表明,与对照组对比,热敷有利于减轻急性下腰痛患者的疼痛与僵硬。而且比非甾体抗炎药和对乙酰氨基酚更有效。[53]Nadler SF, Steiner DJ, Erasala GN, et al. Continuous low-level heatwrap therapy for treating acute nonspecific low back pain. Arch Phys Med Rehabil. 2003;84:329-334.http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12638099?tool=bestpractice.com[54]Nadler SF, Steiner DJ, Erasala GN, et al. Continuous low-level heat wrap therapy provides more efficacy than ibuprofen and acetaminophen for acute low back pain. Spine. 2002;27:1012-1017.http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12004166?tool=bestpractice.com[55]Tao XG, Bernacki EJ. A randomized clinical trial of continuous low-level heat therapy for acute muscular low back pain in the workplace. J Occup Environ Med. 2005;47:1298-1306.http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16340712?tool=bestpractice.com
系统评价或者受试者>200名的随机对照临床试验(RCT)。
症状缓解:中等强度证据表明,与对照组对比,热敷有利于减轻急性下腰痛患者的疼痛与僵硬。而且比非甾体抗炎药和对乙酰氨基酚更有效。[53]Nadler SF, Steiner DJ, Erasala GN, et al. Continuous low-level heatwrap therapy for treating acute nonspecific low back pain. Arch Phys Med Rehabil. 2003;84:329-334.http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12638099?tool=bestpractice.com[54]Nadler SF, Steiner DJ, Erasala GN, et al. Continuous low-level heat wrap therapy provides more efficacy than ibuprofen and acetaminophen for acute low back pain. Spine. 2002;27:1012-1017.http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12004166?tool=bestpractice.com[55]Tao XG, Bernacki EJ. A randomized clinical trial of continuous low-level heat therapy for acute muscular low back pain in the workplace. J Occup Environ Med. 2005;47:1298-1306.http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16340712?tool=bestpractice.com
心血管风险:中等质量证据表明,与安慰剂相比,塞来昔布与心血管事件风险增加相关,但未与其他非甾体抗炎药对比。[57]Mukherjee, D, Nissen, SE, Topol, EJ. Risk of cardiovascular events associated with selective cox-2 inhibitors. JAMA. 2001;286:954-959.http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11509060?tool=bestpractice.com
系统评价或者受试者>200名的随机对照临床试验(RCT)。
心血管风险:中等质量证据表明,与安慰剂相比,塞来昔布与心血管事件风险增加相关,但未与其他非甾体抗炎药对比。[57]Mukherjee, D, Nissen, SE, Topol, EJ. Risk of cardiovascular events associated with selective cox-2 inhibitors. JAMA. 2001;286:954-959.http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11509060?tool=bestpractice.com
心血管风险:中等质量证据表明,服用非甾体抗炎药后心血管事件的相对风险为:萘普生 = 0.97(95% 置信区间为 0.87-1.07);塞来昔布 = 1.06(95% 置信区间为 0.91-1.23);吡罗昔康 = 1.06(95% 置信区间为 0.70-1.59);布洛芬 = 1.07(95% 置信区间为 0.9-1.18);罗非昔布(<25 mg/日)= 1.33(95% 置信区间为 1.00-1.79);吲哚美辛= 1.30(95% 置信区间为 1.07-1.60);罗非考昔(>25 mg/日)=2.19(95% 置信区间为 1.64-2.91)。[58]McGettigan P, Henry D. Cardiovascular risk and inhibition of cyclooxygenase: a systematic review of the observational studies of selective and nonselective inhibitors of cyclooxygenase 2. JAMA. 2006;296:1633-1644.http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16968831?tool=bestpractice.com
系统评价或者受试者>200名的随机对照临床试验(RCT)。
心血管风险:中等质量证据表明,服用非甾体抗炎药后心血管事件的相对风险为:萘普生 = 0.97(95% 置信区间为 0.87-1.07);塞来昔布 = 1.06(95% 置信区间为 0.91-1.23);吡罗昔康 = 1.06(95% 置信区间为 0.70-1.59);布洛芬 = 1.07(95% 置信区间为 0.9-1.18);罗非昔布(<25 mg/日)= 1.33(95% 置信区间为 1.00-1.79);吲哚美辛= 1.30(95% 置信区间为 1.07-1.60);罗非考昔(>25 mg/日)=2.19(95% 置信区间为 1.64-2.91)。[58]McGettigan P, Henry D. Cardiovascular risk and inhibition of cyclooxygenase: a systematic review of the observational studies of selective and nonselective inhibitors of cyclooxygenase 2. JAMA. 2006;296:1633-1644.http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16968831?tool=bestpractice.com
症状缓解:中等质量证据认为对与急性下腰痛而言,运动疗法与不治疗效果类似。[70]Hayden JA, van Tulder MW, Malmivaara A, et al. Exercise therapy for the treatment of non-specific low back pain. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2005;(3):CD000335.http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/14651858.CD000335.pub2/fullhttp://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16034851?tool=bestpractice.com
系统评价或者受试者>200名的随机对照临床试验(RCT)。
症状缓解:中等质量证据认为对与急性下腰痛而言,运动疗法与不治疗效果类似。[70]Hayden JA, van Tulder MW, Malmivaara A, et al. Exercise therapy for the treatment of non-specific low back pain. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2005;(3):CD000335.http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/14651858.CD000335.pub2/fullhttp://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16034851?tool=bestpractice.com
症状缓解:来自于临床试验汇集分析的中等质量证据证实,对于急性下腰痛而言,运动疗法并不能改善疼痛评分,或功能结果。[70]Hayden JA, van Tulder MW, Malmivaara A, et al. Exercise therapy for the treatment of non-specific low back pain. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2005;(3):CD000335.http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/14651858.CD000335.pub2/fullhttp://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16034851?tool=bestpractice.com
系统评价或者受试者>200名的随机对照临床试验(RCT)。
症状缓解:来自于临床试验汇集分析的中等质量证据证实,对于急性下腰痛而言,运动疗法并不能改善疼痛评分,或功能结果。[70]Hayden JA, van Tulder MW, Malmivaara A, et al. Exercise therapy for the treatment of non-specific low back pain. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2005;(3):CD000335.http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/14651858.CD000335.pub2/fullhttp://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16034851?tool=bestpractice.com
发病率:中等质量证据认为运动治疗可减少亚急性下腰痛患者的休假时间。[75]Staal JB, Hlobil H, Twisk JW, et al. Graded activity for low back pain in occupational health care: a randomized, controlled trial. Ann Intern Med. 2004;140:77-84.http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/14734329?tool=bestpractice.com[76]Lindstrom I, Ohlund C, Eek C, et al. The effect of graded activity on patients with subacute low back pain: a randomized prospective clinical study with an operant-conditioning behavioral approach. Phys Ther. 1992;72:279-290.http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/1533941?tool=bestpractice.com
系统评价或者受试者>200名的随机对照临床试验(RCT)。
发病率:中等质量证据认为运动治疗可减少亚急性下腰痛患者的休假时间。[75]Staal JB, Hlobil H, Twisk JW, et al. Graded activity for low back pain in occupational health care: a randomized, controlled trial. Ann Intern Med. 2004;140:77-84.http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/14734329?tool=bestpractice.com[76]Lindstrom I, Ohlund C, Eek C, et al. The effect of graded activity on patients with subacute low back pain: a randomized prospective clinical study with an operant-conditioning behavioral approach. Phys Ther. 1992;72:279-290.http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/1533941?tool=bestpractice.com
预防下腰痛:中等质量证据表明,腰托不能有效作为下腰痛的一级和二级预防。[116]Roelofs PD, Bierma-Zeinstra SM, van Poppel MN, et al. Lumbar supports to prevent recurrent low back pain among home care workers: a randomized trial. Ann Intern Med. 2007;147:685-692.http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18025444?tool=bestpractice.com
系统评价或者受试者>200名的随机对照临床试验(RCT)。
预防下腰痛:中等质量证据表明,腰托不能有效作为下腰痛的一级和二级预防。[116]Roelofs PD, Bierma-Zeinstra SM, van Poppel MN, et al. Lumbar supports to prevent recurrent low back pain among home care workers: a randomized trial. Ann Intern Med. 2007;147:685-692.http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18025444?tool=bestpractice.com
发病率:中等质量证据认为,腰托可能轻度降低下腰痛的发病时间和严重程度。[58]McGettigan P, Henry D. Cardiovascular risk and inhibition of cyclooxygenase: a systematic review of the observational studies of selective and nonselective inhibitors of cyclooxygenase 2. JAMA. 2006;296:1633-1644.http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16968831?tool=bestpractice.com
系统评价或者受试者>200名的随机对照临床试验(RCT)。
发病率:中等质量证据认为,腰托可能轻度降低下腰痛的发病时间和严重程度。[58]McGettigan P, Henry D. Cardiovascular risk and inhibition of cyclooxygenase: a systematic review of the observational studies of selective and nonselective inhibitors of cyclooxygenase 2. JAMA. 2006;296:1633-1644.http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16968831?tool=bestpractice.com
症状缓解:一项系统评价研究(低等强度证据)认为冰敷有利于急性非特异性下腰痛的紧急治疗。[52]French SD, Cameron M, Walker BF, et al. Superficial heat or cold for low back pain. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2006;(1):CD004750.http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/14651858.CD004750.pub2/fullhttp://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/110034?tool=bestpractice.com
系统评价或者受试者>200名的随机对照临床试验(RCT)。
症状缓解:一项系统评价研究(低等强度证据)认为冰敷有利于急性非特异性下腰痛的紧急治疗。[52]French SD, Cameron M, Walker BF, et al. Superficial heat or cold for low back pain. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2006;(1):CD004750.http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/14651858.CD004750.pub2/fullhttp://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/110034?tool=bestpractice.com
症状缓解:低等强度证据证明,对于下腰痛或坐骨神经痛,非甾体抗炎药的效果优于安慰剂对照组。然而,非甾体抗炎药 (NSAID) 的疗效评估结论不一,一项系统评价提供的优质证据表明 NSAID 比安慰剂更能缓解急性腰痛。[59]Roelofs PD, Deyo RA, Koes BW, et al. Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs for low back pain. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2008;(1):CD000396.http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18253976?tool=bestpractice.com
系统评价或者受试者>200名的随机对照临床试验(RCT)。
症状缓解:低等强度证据证明,对于下腰痛或坐骨神经痛,非甾体抗炎药的效果优于安慰剂对照组。然而,非甾体抗炎药 (NSAID) 的疗效评估结论不一,一项系统评价提供的优质证据表明 NSAID 比安慰剂更能缓解急性腰痛。[59]Roelofs PD, Deyo RA, Koes BW, et al. Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs for low back pain. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2008;(1):CD000396.http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18253976?tool=bestpractice.com
症状缓解:一项来自于系统评价的低质量证据表示,在缓解急性下腰痛患者的疼痛方面,无确定性证据证实对乙酰氨基酚是否优于非甾体抗炎药。[59]Roelofs PD, Deyo RA, Koes BW, et al. Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs for low back pain. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2008;(1):CD000396.http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18253976?tool=bestpractice.com
系统评价或者受试者>200名的随机对照临床试验(RCT)。
症状缓解:一项来自于系统评价的低质量证据表示,在缓解急性下腰痛患者的疼痛方面,无确定性证据证实对乙酰氨基酚是否优于非甾体抗炎药。[59]Roelofs PD, Deyo RA, Koes BW, et al. Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs for low back pain. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2008;(1):CD000396.http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18253976?tool=bestpractice.com
症状缓解:低质量证据表明,在急性下腰痛患者中,苯二氮卓类在缓解疼痛方面比安慰剂效果更好。总体来讲,多项试验表明不同种肌肉松弛剂疗效无明显差异。[66]van Tulder MW, Touray T, Fulan AD, et al. Muscle relaxants for nonspecific low back pain. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2003;(4):CD004252.http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12804507?tool=bestpractice.com
系统评价或者受试者>200名的随机对照临床试验(RCT)。
症状缓解:低质量证据表明,在急性下腰痛患者中,苯二氮卓类在缓解疼痛方面比安慰剂效果更好。总体来讲,多项试验表明不同种肌肉松弛剂疗效无明显差异。[66]van Tulder MW, Touray T, Fulan AD, et al. Muscle relaxants for nonspecific low back pain. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2003;(4):CD004252.http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12804507?tool=bestpractice.com
症状缓解:低强度证据认为,在缓解急性下腰痛患者的疼痛方面,阿片类止疼药比非甾体抗炎药更有效。而且有低质量的证据表明,早期使用阿片类药物可能导致远期结果更差,包括阿片类药物持续使用的需求、需要进一步脊柱手术干预以及功能障碍等。[67]Webster BS, Verma SK, Gatchel RJ. Relationship between early opioid prescribing for acute occupational low back pain and disability duration, medical costs, subsequent surgery and late opioid use. Spine. 2007;32:2127-2132.http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17762815?tool=bestpractice.com[68]Mahmud MA, Webster BS, Courtney TK, et al. Clinical management and the duration of disability for work-related low back pain. J Occup Environ Med. 2000;42:1178-1187.http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11125681?tool=bestpractice.com
系统评价或者受试者>200名的随机对照临床试验(RCT)。
症状缓解:低强度证据认为,在缓解急性下腰痛患者的疼痛方面,阿片类止疼药比非甾体抗炎药更有效。而且有低质量的证据表明,早期使用阿片类药物可能导致远期结果更差,包括阿片类药物持续使用的需求、需要进一步脊柱手术干预以及功能障碍等。[67]Webster BS, Verma SK, Gatchel RJ. Relationship between early opioid prescribing for acute occupational low back pain and disability duration, medical costs, subsequent surgery and late opioid use. Spine. 2007;32:2127-2132.http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17762815?tool=bestpractice.com[68]Mahmud MA, Webster BS, Courtney TK, et al. Clinical management and the duration of disability for work-related low back pain. J Occup Environ Med. 2000;42:1178-1187.http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11125681?tool=bestpractice.com
症状缓解:低强度证据表明脊柱推拿或脊椎指压治疗法在短期缓解急性下腰痛时可能更有效。一项研究认为,中等质量证据表明,推拿对急性下腰痛有短期适度的疗效。但与传统治疗无明显差别。[101]Rubinstein SM, van Middelkoop M, Assendelft WJ, et al. Spinal manipulative therapy for chronic low-back pain. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2011;(2):CD008112.http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21328304?tool=bestpractice.com[102]Rubinstein SM, Terwee CB, Assendelft WJ, et al. Spinal manipulative therapy for acute low-back pain. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2012;(9):CD008880.http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22972127?tool=bestpractice.com而且有证据认为腰椎推拿治疗急性、非特异性下腰痛效果最好。[103]Childs JD, Fritz JM, Flynn TW, et al. A clinical prediction rule to identify patients with low back pain most likely to benefit from spinal manipulation: a validation study. Ann Intern Med. 2004;141:920-928.http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15611489?tool=bestpractice.com
系统评价或者受试者>200名的随机对照临床试验(RCT)。
症状缓解:低强度证据表明脊柱推拿或脊椎指压治疗法在短期缓解急性下腰痛时可能更有效。一项研究认为,中等质量证据表明,推拿对急性下腰痛有短期适度的疗效。但与传统治疗无明显差别。[101]Rubinstein SM, van Middelkoop M, Assendelft WJ, et al. Spinal manipulative therapy for chronic low-back pain. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2011;(2):CD008112.http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21328304?tool=bestpractice.com[102]Rubinstein SM, Terwee CB, Assendelft WJ, et al. Spinal manipulative therapy for acute low-back pain. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2012;(9):CD008880.http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22972127?tool=bestpractice.com而且有证据认为腰椎推拿治疗急性、非特异性下腰痛效果最好。[103]Childs JD, Fritz JM, Flynn TW, et al. A clinical prediction rule to identify patients with low back pain most likely to benefit from spinal manipulation: a validation study. Ann Intern Med. 2004;141:920-928.http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15611489?tool=bestpractice.com
症状缓解:来自小型临床试验的低质量证据证实,针灸对于急性下腰痛治疗有益。[109]Furlan AD, van Tulder MW, Cherkin DC, et al. Acupuncture and dry-needling for low back pain. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2005;(1):CD001351.http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15674876?tool=bestpractice.com[110]Manheimer E, White A, Berman B, et al. Meta-analysis: acupuncture for low back pain. Ann Intern Med. 2005;142:651-663.http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15838072?tool=bestpractice.com
系统评价或者受试者>200名的随机对照临床试验(RCT)。
症状缓解:来自小型临床试验的低质量证据证实,针灸对于急性下腰痛治疗有益。[109]Furlan AD, van Tulder MW, Cherkin DC, et al. Acupuncture and dry-needling for low back pain. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2005;(1):CD001351.http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15674876?tool=bestpractice.com[110]Manheimer E, White A, Berman B, et al. Meta-analysis: acupuncture for low back pain. Ann Intern Med. 2005;142:651-663.http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15838072?tool=bestpractice.com
症状缓解:低质量证据表明,急性下腰痛患者在紧急转运至医院的过程中使用经皮电神经刺激治疗可减轻疼痛程度。[112]Bertalanffy A, Kober A, Bertalanffy P, et al. Transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation reduces acute low back pain during emergency transport. Acad Emerg Med. 2005;12:607-611.http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15995091?tool=bestpractice.com有限的证据证实,与对乙酰氨基酚对比,皮外电极针灸有优势。[113]Hackett GI, Seddon D, Kaminski D. Electroacupuncture compared with paracetamol for acute low back pain. Practitioner. 1988;232:163-164.http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2973008?tool=bestpractice.com
系统评价或者受试者>200名的随机对照临床试验(RCT)。
症状缓解:低质量证据表明,急性下腰痛患者在紧急转运至医院的过程中使用经皮电神经刺激治疗可减轻疼痛程度。[112]Bertalanffy A, Kober A, Bertalanffy P, et al. Transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation reduces acute low back pain during emergency transport. Acad Emerg Med. 2005;12:607-611.http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15995091?tool=bestpractice.com有限的证据证实,与对乙酰氨基酚对比,皮外电极针灸有优势。[113]Hackett GI, Seddon D, Kaminski D. Electroacupuncture compared with paracetamol for acute low back pain. Practitioner. 1988;232:163-164.http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2973008?tool=bestpractice.com