体征/症状 合并有寄生虫感染(例如裂体血吸虫属)的细菌性尿路感染,对热带发展中国家农村地区泌尿生殖道感染发病率的上升具有显著促进作用,造成了上百万的儿童感染。[10]WHO Expert Committee. Prevention and control of schistosomiasis and soil-transmitted helminthiasis. World Health Organ Tech Rep Ser. 2002;912:i-vi.http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12592987?tool=bestpractice.com
可能导致泌尿系症状,包括肉眼血尿或排尿困难。
即使若干年前有去过热带国家的旅行史,但因婴幼儿潜伏期可能延长,所以仍可长时间表现为无症状。
即使是在城市,学龄期儿童的感染率可达90%。[47]Okoli EI, Odaibo AB. Urinary schistosomiasis among school children in Ibadan, an urban community in south-western Nigeria. Trop Med Int Health. 1999 Apr;4(4):308-15.http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1046/j.1365-3156.1999.00388.x/fullhttp://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10320657?tool=bestpractice.com
检查 常规尿培养可能仅有葡萄球菌的生长,故可能被认为是皮肤菌群污染而被忽略。[48]Saathoff E, Olsen A, Magnussen P, et al. Patterns of Schistosoma haematobium infection, impact of praziquantel treatment and re-infection after treatment in a cohort of school children from rural KwaZulu-Natal/South African. BMC Infect Dis. 2004 Oct 7;4:40.https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC524490/http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15471549?tool=bestpractice.com[49]Mahmoud AAF. Trematodes (schistosomiasis) and other flukes. In: Mandell GL, Bennett JE, Dolin R, eds. Mandell, Douglas and Bennett’s principles and practice of infectious diseases. 5th ed, vol 2. New York, NY: Churchill Livingstone; 2000:2956.
循环阴极抗原尿液试纸:为一种快速酶联免疫吸附测定,用于检测成人蠕虫感染的肠道相关糖蛋白和虫卵,二者检测的敏感性分别为 88.2%和 95.8%。特异性为 100%。其可检测曼氏血吸虫和埃及血吸虫。它可作为诊断和监测的工具用来评价治疗是否成功。[38]Midzi N, Butterworth AE, Mduluza T, et al. Use of circulating cathodic antigen strips for the diagnosis of urinary schistosomiasis. Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg. 2009 Jan;103(1):45-51.http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18951599?tool=bestpractice.com